SPfiAYING THE APPLE ORCHAKD. 43 



to US to recommend some particular pump. In reply we 

 are accustomed to refer to the best pump companies and 

 advise the inquirer to study their catalogs and then use his 

 best judgment, after a careful consideration of the follow- 

 ing points: 



1. The pump should be guaranteed to furnish six nozzles 

 at 75 pounds pressure with ordinary pumping. 



2. It should have a good air chamber within the barrel, 

 and not projecting above it as in some styles. 



3. As little of the working parts of the pump as 

 possible should be above the head of the barrel, as exposed 

 parts are easily broken. 



4. Pumps whose handles, etc., are made of galvanized or 

 malleable iron are preferable to castings, which break 

 easily. 



5. The cylinder, plunger, valves and working parts 

 should be of brass. 



6. There should be a good mechanical agitator of the 

 paddle type, preferably arranged so that it can be worked 

 with the pump handle without operating the pump. An 

 agitator is essential to keeping the mixture in suspension. 



7. The pump should be attached to the barrel so that it 

 may be quickly removed for repairs. 



8. The valves, with their seats or cages should be readily 

 detachable for cleaning, and should be so constructed that 

 they will grind themselves evenly. 



9. The plunger or piston should carry the packing neces- 

 sary to secure a tight cylinder, rather than having the pack- 

 ing in the old style "stuffing box," which is more difficult 

 to pack and causes more friction and waste of energy. 



Possibly all of these points will not be found in any one 

 pump, but the better pump companies, in their newer mod- 

 els, are adopting most of the above features. Such a pump 

 with hose, nozzles and rod should cost $15 to $30. The fol- 

 lowing companies are making pumps of the type described, 

 and they can usually be bought through agricultural ware- 

 houses, seedsmen, etc. No mention is made in the follow- 



