JulJ', 1908.J CATERPILLARS INJURING FOLIAGE. 215 



die of the back runs a black stripe, and on either side of the body 

 are tiiree stripes of black alternating with four of yellow, the 

 body being thinly clothed with long, soft, white hairs. The cat- 

 erpillars feed together in colonies and are often found clustered 

 together on a limb in a solid mass. If the limb bearing it is 

 jarred or if a caterpillar is touched, it at once assumes a position 

 characteristic of this genus, throwing the head and tail in the 

 air with a jerk and clinging to the limb by the abdominal prolegs 

 as shown in figure 6, a. A caterpillar will remain in this appar- 

 ently lifeless position for several minutes, being the most accom- 

 modating insect to pose for a photograph we have met. 



Pupa. — The full grown caterpillars descend from the tree at 

 night and burrow into the earth for from two to four inches and 

 there transform to the naked brown pupae without forming any 

 cocoons. The pupa does not differ noticeably from that of many 

 moths and is shown in figure 6. Caterpillars which evidently 

 hatched about August 1, 1906, entered the earth for pupation 

 on September 6. 



Moth. — The winter is passed in the pupal stage, the moths 

 elnerging from the middle of June through July, moths in our 

 collection being dated June 20, 24, July 16, 1898. The wings 

 expand about two inches and are a reddish-brown color, while the 

 head and thorax are chestnut brown. The fore- wings have three 

 to five transverse lines, one or two spots, and the extreme outer 

 margin of a darker color. The hind wings are pale yellowish 

 without markings. 



Eggs. — Seventy-five to one hundred eggs are laid in a cluster 

 on the surface of a leaf by each female, the round white eggs be- 

 ing placed side by side and cemented together in one mass much 

 as shown in figure 7. The first eggs laid hatch during the latter 

 part of July and others hatch during the first half of August, so 

 that colonies of all ages are found at the same time in late 

 August. 



This species has been exceedingly abundant during the past 

 two seasons and is one of the most common apple caterpillars of 

 New England. 



REMEDIES. 



The same as for the Red-humped Apple Caterpillar, for which 

 see page 218. 



