xxiv FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE RIVIERA 



SPIKELET, the small cluster of flowers in grasses enclosed within one or more 



glumes. 



SPINE, a stiff, sharp, woody, persistent thorn. 

 SPORES, the powdery grains of Mosses, Ferns, etc., which correspond to the 



" seeds " in flowering plants. 



SPUR, a prolonged portion of a flower, usually somewhat tubular. 

 STAMEN, the male organ of a flower considered as a whole. 

 STANDARD, the large upper petal of a Leguminous flower. 



STELLATE, star-shaped ; often applied to certain hairs, radiating from a centre. 

 STERILE, having stamens, but no pistils ; barren. 

 STIGMA, the receptive upper portion of a pistil, where the pollen is dusted. The 



adj. stigmatic means sticky (applied to the disk). 

 STIPULATE, possessing stipules. 

 STIPULES, leaf-like appendages, often in pairs and winged at the junction of 



leaves with the stem. 



STOLON, a horizontal runner or stem-branch. Adj. Stoloniferous. 

 STOMATA, the minute pores in the epidermis of a leaf, especially on the underside ; 



sing. STOMA. 



STRAP-SHAPED, not very narrow nor long, but with nearly parallel sides. 

 STRIDE, very slight furrows or ridges. 



STRIATE, marked with parallel longitudinal lines or furrows. 

 STYLE, the central portion of the pistil which bears the stigma. 

 SUB in composition means a near approach to. 

 SUBULATE, awl-shaped. 



SUCKER, a stem produced at the end of an underground shoot. 

 SUPERIOR, applied to an ovary which is free from and not enclosed by the floral 



envelope. 



SUTURE, the line of junction of similar organs cohering. 

 SYNCARPOUS, fruit composed of cohering carpels. 



TAP-ROOT, the main descending root. 



TEETH, small pointed lobes on the margins of leaves, etc. 



TENDRIL, a thread-like organ used for climbing. 



TERETE, long and cylindrical, with a nearly round transverse section. 



TERNATE, in threes. 



TESTA, the outer coat of seeds. 



TETRAGONOUS, with four angles and four convex faces. 



THALAMUS, the receptacle. 



THALLUS, a vegetative body not differentiated into stem and leaf. 



THORN, a sharply pointed extremity of a branch or stalk having a woody centre ; 



a spine. 



THROAT, the upper part of a corolla-tube. 

 THYRSOID, applied to a narrow, pyramidal panicle of cymes which are usually 



opposite. 



TOMENTOSE, covered with tomentum, or dense, white hair. 

 TOMENTUM, a thick coating of short, cottony hairs, usually whitish or grey ; e.g. 



Cineraria maritima, Medicago marina. 



TORULOSE, uneven, alternately elevated and depressed like a knotted cord. 

 TRANSPIRATION, the act of giving off water from the leaves of a plant, through 



the stomata. 



TRICHOTOMOUS, in forks of three prongs. 

 TRIFID, 3-cleft, about half way down. 

 TRIGONOUS, with three angles and three convex faces. 

 TRIQUETROUS, with three angles and three concave faces. 

 TRUNCATE, ending abruptly, as if cut off square. 

 TUBER, a short, thick underground stem containing food material, such as an 



Artichoke. 



TUBERCLES, little round knobs. 



TUBERCULATE, covered with small obtuse, wart-like excrescences. 

 TURBINATE, top-shaped. 



