SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES 17 



Celtiacea?. Flowers green, 1-2 sexual. Perianth persistent. Fruit a 

 globular drupe, black when ripe. The only French species is a tree with 

 nettle-like leaves. 



Ulmaceas. Flowers usually 2-sexual, reddish, in clusters. Perianth per- 

 sistent, of 4-8 equal lobes. Stamens 4-8, opposite the lobes of perianth. Fruit a 

 samara. Trees with alternate, exstipulate leaves. 



Ceratophyllaceae. Flowers i-sexual. Perianth 8-i2-partite, Stamens 

 many, sessile. Ovary superior, i-celled. Style i, persistent. Ovule i, pen- 

 dulous. Submerged plants with minute flowers and multifid leaves. 



Callltrichaceae. Flowers i-sexual, minute. Perianth o. Stamens i, 

 filament long. Ovary 4-angled, 4-celled. Styles 2. Fruit of 4, i-seeded, inde- 

 hiscent carpels. Small green aquatic plants. 



Artocarpaceae. Flowers monoecious. $ flowers have a calyx of 2-4 divisions 

 and i stamen. ? flowers have a tubular receptacle very concave. Ovary 2-3 

 celled. 



*** Male flowers in catkins, females in spikes or short catkins. 

 Cupuliferae. Flowers mono-dioecious. Males in catkins. Sepals o or 5 

 or more. Stamens 5-20. Females sessile in an involucre of bracts. Calyx 

 superior, 5-6 toothed or o. Ovary 2-3 celled. Styles 2-3 ; cells 1-2 ovuled. Fruit 

 i celled, i seeded, dry, indehiscent. Trees or shrubs with alternate, stipulate 

 leaves and small green flowers. 



Juglandaceae. Flowers monoecious. & flowers in catkins. 9 flowers solitary 

 and sessile on a 3 lobed bract, stigmas 2. Perianth of 3-6 scales, adnate to a 3 

 lobed stipulate bract. Stamens 4-12, on the perianth. Fruit a small globose 

 nut, endocarp 2 valved. Trees, with alternate, pinnate leaves. 



Salicaceae. Flowers dioecious, without perianth, both sexes in catkins. 

 Stamens i or more. Ovary i celled. Stigmas 2. Ovules many, parietal. 

 Capsule 2 valved. Albumen o. Trees or shrubs with alternate, stipulate leaves. 

 An anomalous family not closely allied to any other. 



Class II. Monocotyledons. Stem with the wood forming longitudinal 

 bundles irregularly disposed, not in concentric layers, and having no defined 

 central pith. Leaves mostly parallel-veined. Flowers with organs mostly in 

 threes or fours, never in fives. Embryo with a single cotyledon; first-formed 

 leaves alternate ; radicle not branching, but throwing out adventitious roots. 



Alismaceae. Flowers' usually 2 sexual. Perianth 6- partite, inner segments 

 or all petaloid. Stamens 6 or more. Carpels many. Fruit of many achenes ; 

 albumen o ; radicle very large. Ovary superior. Aquatic or marsh herbs with 

 sometimes conspicuous flowers. 



Hydrocharidaceae. Flowers regular, i sexual. Perianth 6-partite, outer 

 segments herbaceous, inner usually petaloid. Stamens 3 or more. Ovary i or 

 3-6 celled, inferior. Fruit a berry. Water plants with floating or erect leaves 

 and usually conspicuous flowers. 



* Perianth o or rudimentary. Ovary superiorly near pous or monocarpellary . 



Typhaceae. Flowers monoecious in catkins or heads. Perianth o or of 

 scales or hairs. Stamens many, anthers basifixed. Ovary 1-2 celled ; style per- 

 sistent ; ovule i, pendulous. Fruit a drupe or utricle. Erect marsh or water 

 plants, with linear leaves and small or minute flowers in conspicuous spiked 

 heads. 



Araceae. Flowers sessile on a spadix, enclosed in a spathe when young, 

 1-2 sexual. Perianth o or of scale-like sepals. Stamens few or many. Ovary 

 i or more celled. Berry few or many seeded. Herbs with often broad net- 

 veined leaves and flowers with conspicuous spathes or spadixes. 



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