G. boreale L. and Q. rotundifolium L. occur above our limit in the 

 Maritime Alps. 



(ii) Leaves i-nerved, usually mncronate or cuspidate. 

 * Stems usually rough with reflexed hairs ; root-stock slender. 

 G. saccharatum All. Annual. Stems diffuse, slightfy scabrous. Leaves 

 in whorls of 5-6, linear-lanceolate, shortly mucronate, glabrous above, hispid at 

 margin. Flowers whitish, in little axillary 3-flowered cymes, the 2 lateral male. 

 Fruit often solitary, very large, greenish-white, covered with whitish conical 

 warts which give the plant a distinct aspect. 



Fields and vineyards. Not very common. February- May. 



Q. tricorne With. Corn Galium. Annual. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, 

 longer than the last, very scabrous at the edges. Fruit large (4-5 mm.) covered 

 with little green tubercles without hooks or bristles. 



Fields and crops. Very common. April-July. 



Q. minutulum Jord. A very delicate small annual, with filiform erect 

 stems ; leaves in distant whorls of 4, spreading, oval-elliptic, mucronate. Flowers 

 dirty white, i or 2 in the axils of the leaves. Fruit minute, obovate, covered 

 with white hooked bristles. Another very distinct species. 



Sandy places on the Islands of Porquerolles, and Levant, near Bormes, etc. 

 Very rare. May- June. Not yet found except in a few places in the S. of France. 



G. murale All. Wall Galium. Very small annual, but less slender and 

 capillary than the last, and with the whorls of 4-6 leaves nearer together, oblong- 

 lanceolate, mucronate, scabrous. Flowers yellowish, 2-3 together in the axils. 

 Fruit pendent, linear oblong, covered with hooked bristles. 



Sandy places, under walls, etc., common. March-May. 



G. verticillatum Danth. Annual, 3-8 in. high. Stems erect, slightly 

 scabrous. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, reflexed and finally appressed against the 

 stem, lanceolate, acute, with scabrous borders. Flowers yellowish, very minute, 

 3-7 in the leaf axils ; pedicels very short, i-flowered. Fruit erect, sitting on the 

 whorls, ovoid, and hispid with white simple hairs. 



Arid, stony places in the hills. April- June. Rather rare. 



G. parisiense L. Annual, very polymorphic. Stem very slender, much 

 branched, scabrous.- Leaves in whorls of 6, soon reflexed, linear- lanceolate, 

 mucronate, scabrous. Flowers reddish-green, minute, in a long panicle, extend- 

 ing throughout the stem. Fruit minute, glabrous, finely tubercled. 



Dry, sandy places. May-July. 



On the littoral the two sub-species G. divaricatum Lamk. (more branched 

 and divaricate) and G. anglicum Huds. are equally common, and G. tenellum 

 Jord. is less so. The last has broadly lanceolate leaves. 



G. setaceum Lamk. A small, slender annual, 2-8 in. high. Leaves linear- 

 setaceous, erect spreading, in whorls of 6-9. Flowers very minute, reddish, in 

 a large panicle almost exceeded by a long leaf-like bract. Fruit covered with 

 long white spreading hairs. 



Dry, sandy, and rocky places, uncommon. May -June. Mont Faron, top of 

 Mont Paradis near Carqueiranne (determ. J. Briquet), etc., in the Var; and near 

 Grasse. 



G. aparine L. (Cleavers) very variable, and G. palustre L. also occur 

 frequently. 



** Stems glabrous or hairy, but with no reflexed hairs; plants perennial, often 

 with thick root-stock. 



G. purpureum L. Plant i ft. high, almost glabrous, always green, with 

 woody stock. Stems stiff, erect, much branched. Leaves in whorls of 8-10, 

 narrow linear, mucronate. Flowers purple-red in a long narrow pyramidal panicle, 

 with slender branches. Pedicels capillary. Fruit rugose, minute. 



Rocky ,'stony places, local. June-August. 



