128 FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE RIVIERA 



Petasites and TussilagO (often placed here) are removed to a tribe by 

 themselves. 



Involucral bracts in many series. Pappus hairs rigid. Leaves mostly entire. 



DORONICUM. 

 Involucral bracts in one series. Leaves mostly pinnate SENECIO. 



Sub-family II. CYNAROCEPHAL^. Leaves usually spinous. Involucre 

 often globose, bracts often spinous. Florets all tubular, hermaphrodite, or 

 sometimes the outer female or neuter. 



Tribe I. ECHINOPSE^E. 



Head i-flowered, each floret with an involucre and together crowded into a ball ; 

 pappus of bristles ECHINOPS. 



Tribe II. CARLINE^. Anther-cells tailed. Florets usually equal. 



Anthers with subulate tails. Outer bracts hooked ARCTIUM. 



Anthers with feathery tails. Outer bracts spinous, inner spreading CARLINA. 



'Outer involucral bracts pinnatifid, inner not spreading ATRACTYLIS. 



Achenes cylindrical-fusiform. Pappus of i row of hairs STVEHELINA. 



Involucre ovoid, glabrous. Pappus of 5 bristles XERANTHEMUM 



Tribe III. SILYBE^. Bracts spinescent. Filaments connate. 



Filaments connate. Fruit terete, rugose , SILYBUM. 



Filaments connate. Pappus hairs plumose. Leaves variegated. GALACTITES. 



Filaments connate. Pappus hairs toothed. Achenes long, compressed, 



tetragonous TYRIMUUS. 



Tribe IV. CARDUEM. Bracts spinescent. Filaments free. 



Receptacle hispid with long hairs. Flowers blue CARDUNCELLUS. 



Filaments free. Fruit not angled. Pappus simple haired CARDUUS. 



Filaments free, hairy. Fruit not angled. Pappus feathery CIRSIUM. 



Filaments free. Fruit angled. Pappus feathery, persistent CNICUS. 



Filaments free. Fruit 4-angled, rugose ONOPORDON. 



Tribe V. CENTAURIE^. Anther-cells not tailed. Outer fls. neuter. 



Outer bracts often fringed. Pappus short, unequal or o CENTAUREA. 



Achenes hairy, outer ones without pappus. Inner involucral bracts 10, small. 



CRUPINA. 



Achenes glabrous. Pappus hairs long. Bracts unarmed SERRATULA. 



Outer involucral bracts ribbed, spinous at edge, inner with a broad toothed 

 appendage CARTHAMUS. 



Sub-family III. LIGULIFLOR^ or CICHORIACE^. Florets all ligulate. 



Tribe I. SCOLYME/E. Seeds invested with the chaff of the receptacle. 



Plant spiny. Achenes naked or with 2-4 hairs SCOLYMUS. 



Tribe II. HYOSERIDE^E. Pappus chaffy. Receptacle naked. 

 * Pappus of small scales. 



Involucre double. Flowers blue CICHORIUM. 



Involucre simple, of many bracts. Stigmas ovoid. Flowers blue CATANANCHE. 

 Involucral bracts never enveloping the top-shaped achenes. Flowers yellow 



TOLPIS. 



Involucral bracts enveloping the ripe achenes. Stem leafy HEDYPNOIS. 



Involucral bracts enveloping the ripe achenes. Stem single, naked HYOSERIS. 



** Pappus none. 



Achenes persistent, outer ones spreading, stellate RHAGADIOLUS. 



Achenes falling, obtuse, not spreading LAPSANA. 



Tribe III. HYPOCH^ERIDE^E. Pappus hairs feathery, usually dilated at base. 

 Receptacle chaffy. 



Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus hairs often in 2 rows HYPOCHJERIS. 



Receptacle chaffy. Involucre with very small basal bracts SERIOLA. 



