THE HEREDITY OF RICHARD ROE. 145 



Another necessary conclusion is this, that race char- 

 acteristics imply direct personal relationship among 

 those who exhibit them. The English- 

 Origin of the men of to . day are suc h because they 



f e " glisl are related by blood. They are the 



variously intermingled descendants of 

 some few robust families of a thousand years ago, a 

 hundred thousand of them at the most. "Saxon and 

 Norman and Dane are we." From these families 

 Dane, Norman, and Saxon the weak, the infertile, and 

 the unfortunate are constantly undergoing elimination, 

 leaving the strong and fecund to persist. The withered 

 branches are only kept in existence through misplaced 

 charity which continues the pauper ; or through bad so- 

 cial conditions which propagate the criminal. Pauper- 

 ism, criminality, and folly have their lineage, but it is 

 not a long one; and wiser councils will make it shorter 

 than it now is. This persistence of the strong shows 

 itself in the prevalence of the leading qualities in the 

 dominate strains. To these dominant ancestors every 

 line of deviation will be found to lead, when we come to 

 follow it, backward. In following the pedigree of an 

 individual backward for a thousand years, we find that 

 millions of duplications must occur in his ancestry. 

 That is, thousands of persons would be reached from 

 one to a thousand times each in the following up of 

 different ancestral lines. The growth of colonial types 

 comes from the narrowing of the range of crossing 

 and from intermarriage with lines not English, which 

 occurs most frequently outside of England. This is 

 especially true in the United States. But in a few 

 centuries these same conditions will unite to form 

 a " Brother Jonathan " as definite in qualities and as 

 " set in his ways " as his ancestor, the traditional 

 "John Bull." 



