X. 



THE EVOLUTION OF THE MIND. 



"Three roots bear up dominion, Knowledge, Will, 

 The third, Obedience, the great tap-root of all." 



LOWELL. 



THE mind, in the sense in which I shall use the word 

 here, is the collective function of the sensorium or brain 

 of man and animals. It is the sum total 

 Mind the sum of aU psychic changes, actions, and re- 

 total of psychic TT 



changes actions. Under the head of psychic 



functions are included all operations of 

 the nervous system, as well as operations of like nature 

 which take place in creatures without specialized nerve 

 fibres or nerve cells. 



As thus defined, mental operations are not neces- 

 sarily or exclusively conscious. With the lower animals 

 nearly all of them are automatic and un- 

 conscious. Even with man. most of them 

 consciousness. 



must be so. But between the automatic 



and the conscious actions no sharp line of division ex- 

 ists. Consciousness is not an entity but a condition. 

 It stands related to mind much as flame is related to 

 fire. All functions of the nervous system are alike in 

 essential nature, and from the present point of view may 

 be considered together. 



It is a recognised law in biology that "function pre- 

 cedes structure." To define this law more exactly we 

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