266 FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 



conditions. Complex conditions permit a variety of re- 

 sponses. Varying conditions demand a change of re- 

 sponse. This demand is met by the intel- 

 Nature of the } The int H t rises kh complex 



intellect. 



or changing environment. The greater 



the stress on a race of thinking creatures, the more ac- 

 tive and effective their thoughts. The growth of man 

 has been a succession of triumphs over hard conditions. 



The races which have been successful 

 Effect of have arisen from adversity. Prosperity 



adversity on , , , , . 



the intellect has been the con Q uest of hard times. 



Human progress in general has come 

 through the falling away of the ineffective. The fool- 

 killer has been its most active agent. " The goodness 

 and the severity of God " are in science one and the 

 same thing, as they were in the thought of the prophet. 

 Its essence is the survival of those who can live and act 

 effectively and happily in the conditions which surround 

 human and animal life. The power of safe and accurate 

 response to external conditions is the essential feature 

 of sanity. The inability to adapt action to need is a 

 character of insanity. Insanity, except as protected by 

 human altruism, means death. 



The difference between intellect and instinct in 

 lower animals may be illustrated by the conduct of 



certain monkeys brought into relation 

 Intellect of the with new experie nces. At one time I 

 monkey people. 



had two adult monkeys, " Bob and 



" Jocko," belonging to the genus Macacus. Neither of 

 these possessed the egg-eating instinct. At the same 

 time I had a baby monkey, " Mono," of the genus Cer- 

 copithecus. Mono had never seen an egg, but his in- 

 herited impulses bore a direct relation to feeding on 

 eggs, just as the heredity of Macacus taught the others 

 how to crack nuts or to peel fruit. 



