OF CROPS USUALLY CULTIVATED. 263 



for spring-sowing, being early, productive, and less apt to 

 suffer from rust or mildew. This kind may answer when 

 the white sorts would fail. 



The real spring or summer wheat, has been of late intro- 

 duced in various districts in Scotland. It possesses some 

 advantages, being for a much shorter period in the ground ; 

 and though sown in the end of April, or the beginning of 

 May, will ripen as early as winter-sown wheat. It is cer- 

 tainly, however, not so productive as wheat sown in winter, 

 or even winter wheat sown in spring ; and the ear being 

 shorter, the crop cannot be equally productive. If found 



of spring-sown wheat. Perhaps a more rapid vegetation takes place in 

 the vales adjoining mountainous districts, than at a distance from them. 

 It is very proper in you to say, ' winter wheat sown in spring,' because 

 a discrimination is highly necessary between winter wheat sown in the 

 spring, and the Siberian, or real spring wheat. We tried the real spring 

 wheat several years ; but in both quantity and quality, it was invariably 

 much inferior to the winter wheat sown in spring. 



" Prior to our coming into this district, no wheat was grown in Glen- 

 dale, except in the haughs by the river sides, or some particular pieces 

 of strong land, unfit for turnips. But now, and for many years, thousands 

 of acres of spring-sown wheat have been grown with the greatest success, 

 which had never produced any wheat before ; and until these last unfor- 

 tunate years, we seldom produced less than from three to four quarters 

 per acre after turnips, and frequently more. Upon the weaker turnip 

 soils, we ourselves sow a red wheat, the seed of which we got several 

 years since from a village called Burwell, in Cambridgeshire, an excellent 

 and productive kind." 



Mr Culley adds, that he has known winter wheat do pretty well, when 

 sown even in the beginning of April, but he does not approve of it. 

 There is no fear of a plentiful crop, but it is so late in ripening, that six 

 times in seven it suffers from the equinoxial gales; and he is decidedly 

 of opinion, from long experience, that the best time, or season for sow- 

 ing autumnal wheat in the spring, is February, and the first ten days in 

 March. 



