34 HOUGH'S AMERICAN WOODS. 



262. FRAXINUS LANCEOLATA, BORCK. 

 GREEN ASH. 



Ger., Grilne Esche. Fr., Frene Vert. Sp., Fresno Verde. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: Leaves 8-12 in. long with petiole and rachis glabrous or nearly 

 so and 5-9 oblong-lanceolate to ovate petiolulate leaflets, cuneate at base, acuminate at 

 apex, usually sharply serrate at maturity, glabrous or nearly so, bright green both sides 

 or slightly lighter beneath; branchlets gray, terte, glabrous with pale lenticels. Flowers 

 dioecious, without petals. Fruit samara, 1-2 in. long, with terete body tapering from the 

 base, tipped with a spatulate or lanceolate wing decurrent about half way down the body. 



The Green Ash rarely attains a greater height than 60 or 70 ft. (20 m.), 

 or greater thickness of trunk than 2 or 3 ft. (O.TO m.). It develops a 

 broad rounded top of slender spreading branches when isolated. The bark 

 of trunk is of an ashen gray color, deeply furrowed into narrow, firm ridges. 



HABITAT. Chiefly a tree of the great Mississippi basin, inhabiting the 

 banks of streams, lake shores and low-bottom lands, from the valley of the 

 Saskatchawan to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico; westward to the Kocky 

 Mountains and eastward to western Massachusetts, but is less abundant east 

 of the Alleghany Mountains.. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood rather heavy, hard, strong, with incon- 

 spicuous medullary rays and annual rings marked by several rows of large 

 open ducts. It is of a rich, mottled light brown color, with thick creamy 

 white sap-wood. Specific Gravity, 0.7117; Percentage of Ash, 0.65; Rela- 

 tive Approximate Fuel Value, 0.7071 ; Coefficient of Elasticity, 90313 ; 

 Modulus of Rupture, 895 ; Resistance to Longitudinal Pressure, 482 ; Ret- 

 sistance to Indentation, 220 ; Weight of a Cubic Foot in Pounds, 44.35. 



USES. A valuable wood for the manufacture of agricultural implements, 

 oars, tool-handles, etc., as is the wood of the White Ash from which it is not 

 distinguished in commerce. 



The Green Ash is a favorite shade tree in many of the cities and villages 

 of the middle west, and is probably more extensively planted than any other 

 ash tree. 



263. FRAXINUS QUADRANGULATA, MICHX, 



BLFE A sir. 

 Ger., Blaue Esche. Fr., Frcne Bleu. Sp., Fresno Azul. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: Leaves 8-12 in. long with 7-9 ovate-oblong to lonceolate short- 

 petiolulate leaflets 3-5 in. loner, unequally rounded or obtuse at base, long-ar-uminate, 

 closely serrate, tomentose at first but at maturity glabrous, dark yellow green above, paler 



