A KEY BASED UPON LEAVES, 



TO THE TREES OF THE 

 NORTHERN STATES AND CANADA. 



Abbreviations. a. = apex or at apex; ab. = above; b. = base or at base; bn. = beneath ; 

 fr. = fruit; 1. = long (usually omitted and implied after dimensions); If. = leaf; Ifts. = 

 leaflets ; Ivs. = leaves. 



a SIMPLE LEAVES, 



b With well marked blade and petiole, or without petiole (sessile) ; 



C MAIN RIB SINGLE PINNA'IELY VEINED 



d Margin entire; 



e Leaves lance-oblong, thick, 



f Acuminate at both ends, 3-9 in.. 



g Rugose-reticulate, deciduous; fr. an elongated dry drupe. 



CORK- WOOD (Leitneria floridana) . 

 g* Smooth and lustrous: fr. a dark blue drupe; veins beneath and petioles 



ti Rusty tomentose, evergreen SWAMP BAY (Pet-sea pubescens). 



l\- Glabrous or nearly so. evergreen RED BAY (P. Borbonia) . 



f2 Acute at both ends, 1^-4 in.; fr. an acorn. 



WILLOW OAK (Quercus Phellos) . 

 e" Leaves lance-obovate. cuneate, rounded a., mostly 



f Clustered on lateral spurs; fr. a black drupe; beneath and petioles 



g Densely tomentose WOOLLY BUCKTHORN (Bumelia lanuginosa) . 



g2 Glabrous or nearly so SOUTHERN BUCKTHORN (B. lycicides) . 



f2 Alternate on the branch lets. 



g Thinnish, glabrous above, deciduous; fr. 2-celled capsules. 



LEATHERWOOD (Cyrilla racemiflora) . 

 g- Very thick, lustrous above, persistent; fr. acorn. 



LIVE OAK (Quercus Virginiana). 

 e 3 Leaves ovate, 



f Inequilateral, long taper-pointed and narrow; fr. drupe. 



MISSISSIPPI HACKBERRY (Celtis mississippiensis). 

 f- Equilateral, broad, lustrous ab. rounded b., long-acuminate; fr. compound, 



orange-like OSAGE ORANGE ( Toxylon pomiferum ) . 



e* Leaves ovate-oblong, abruptly narrowed b. 



f Alternate, acuminate, lustrous dark gr. ab.. paler pubescent bn.; fr. large 



berry PERSIMMON (Diospyros Virginiana). 



f- Opposite, rough-pubescent above, without stipules; fr. drupe. 



ROUGH-LEAVED DOGWOOD (Cornus asperifolia). 

 f Verticillate (some opposite) glabrous ab., with stipules; fr. in globular 



head BuiiON-BUSU (Cephalanthus occidental is) . 



e* Loaves oblong, mostly cuneate b., 

 f Deciduous. 



