12 HOUGH'S AMERICAN WOODS. abc'd'e* 



i Acuminate, 3-lobed at a. only, eastern. 



STRIPED MAPLE (A. Pennsylvanicum) . 

 12 Acute or obtuse, 3-5-lobed, or even 3-parted or 3-foliate, western. 



DWARF MAPLE (A. glabrum) . 

 h2 Coarsely serrate-dentate, pubescent bn. 



MOUNTAIN MAPLE (A. spicatum). 

 b2 Without well-marked blade and petiole (latter present, but very small in 



leaves of Hemlocks ) ; 



c LEAVES LINEAR AND IN FLAT 2-BANKED SPRAYS, 

 d Sessile, 



e Deciduous, soft, light green (those of fruiting-branchlets scale-like) ; fr. sub- 

 globose cones BALD CYPRESS (Taxodium distichum) . 



e2 Evergreen, more rigid, dark green ab., whitish and keeled bn., leaving a flat 

 or depressed scar when breaking away from branchlet; cones erect, 2 to 

 3% in. long and falling apart at maturity. 



f Bracts of cone shorter than scales BALSAM FIR (Abies balsamea) . 



2 Bracts longer than the scales, exserted and reflexed. 



FRASER'S FIR (Abies Fraseri) . 

 d 2 With very small appressed petioles, 



e Leaves obtuse or rounded a.; cones less than 1 in. and with suborbicular scales 



which expand but little at maturity HEMLOCK (Tsuga Canadensis) . 



e 2 Leaves notched or rounded a.; cones more than 1 in. and oblong scales 



expanding widely at maturity. . .CAROLINA HEMLOCK (Tsuga Caroliniana) . 



c 2 LEAVES SCALE-LIKE IMBRICATED AND CLOSELY APPRESSED OR AWL-SHAPED, in four 



ranks and making a conspicuously 

 d Flat 2-edged branchlet; cones y 2 in. or less, with few leathery scales, 4 only 



being fertile ARBOR VITAE ( Thuya occidentalis) . 



d 2 ^-angled branchlet; fr. 



e Sublogobose cones, % in., with peltate, valvate scales. 



WHITE CEDAR ( Cha:naecyparis thyoides ) . 

 e 2 Fleshy, dark blue and glaucous berries (really modified cones) ; 



f Leaves of two kinds, both scale like and awl-shaped; buds naked; fr. 



g .Maturing in autumn of first season RED CEDAR (J. Virginiana) . 



g2 Maturing in autumn of second season. 



ROCKY MOUNTAIN RED CEDAR (J. scopulorum) . 



f 2 Leaves all awl-shaped, buds scaly COMMON JUNIPER (J. communis) . 



c3 LEAVES NEEDLE-SHAPED; FRUIT A CONE; 



d Leaves not in fascicles (scattered), short, stiff, pointing every way, ridged 



above and below (4-sided), with woody and persistent bases; 

 e Branchlets pubescent and foliage 



f Yellowish-green; cones 1^-2 in., oblong-cylindrical, on stalks which are 

 slightly if at all incurved; cones with subentire scales. 



RED SPRUCE (Picea rubens). 



f 2 Blue-green; cones %-!% in., with incurved stalks; cones with erose mar- 

 gined scales BLACK SPRUCE (Picea Marinana) . 



e2 Branchlets glabrous; cones oblong-cylindrical; about 



f 2 in. long, with nearly orbicular scales, truncate and entire at apex. 



WHITE SPRUCE (Picea Canadensis)* 



