44 HOUGH'S AMERICAN WOODS. 



one or two shrubby. Two only of the arborescent and one of the 

 shrubby species are found in northeastern United States. The name is 

 the ancient Latin name of the Juniper. 



325. JUNIPERUS BARBADENSIS L. 



SOUTHERN RED CEDAR. PENCIL-WOOD. 



Ger., Sudlicher Wachholder. Fr., Genevrier meridional. 



Sp., Sabina meridional. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS : Leaves in pairs, opposite, closely appressed, entire, 

 sharply pointed, light green with conspicuous oblong gland on back Flowers, 

 opening in very early spring, dioecious, the staminate oblong, l /% to % in. long, 

 ,with 10-12 stamens having rounded entire connectives and each bearing 3 pollen- 

 sacs ; pistillate flowers about ^ in. long with narrow pointed scales. Fruit 

 subglobose, about % in. in diameter, dark blue with glaucous bloom when ripe, 

 with sweet resinous flesh and usually 2 ovoid pointed ridged seeds. 



The Southern Red Cedar is a tree occasionally attaining the height 

 of 50 ft. (15111.), with wide-spreading rounded top of long lateral 

 branches and slender more or less pendulous branchlets. The maxi- 

 mum thickness of trunk is about 2 ft. (o.6om.) and this is vested in a 

 thin brown bark which exfoliates in thin narrow fiibrous strips peeling 

 off lengthwise and giving a more or less ragged appearance to old 

 trunks. 



HABITAT. The native range of the Southern Red Cedar is from 

 the coast region of southern Georgia to the banks of the Indian River 

 on the eastern coast of Florida, and from the Appalachicola River to 

 Charlotte Harbor on the western coast, growing in inundated river 

 swamps and moist low-lands. It has become naturalized along the 

 Gulf coast to western Louisiana. It is also found on the Bahama 

 Islands, Antigua, Santo Domingo, and Jamaica, in the last mentioned 

 locality inhabiting the slopes of mountains. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood light, soft, brittle, close-grained, 

 easily worked, fragrant and very durable in contact with the soil. It is 

 of a rich red color mottled with light yellowish brown and has a 

 creamy white sap-wood. Specific Gravity, 0.4814 ; Percentage of Ash, 

 o.i i ; Coefficient of Elasticity, 8.40; Modulus of Rupture, 780. 



