190 AMERICAN GARDENER. 



round the tree, so as to cover the area of a circle 

 qf three feet in diameter, of which circle the stem 

 of the tree is the centre. This will keep the 

 ground cooler than any thing else that you can put 

 upon it. 



290. As to the distances, at which trees ought 

 to be planted, that must depend on the sort of 

 tree, and on other circumstances. It will be seen 

 by looking at the plan of the garden (Plate IJ, 

 that I make provision for 70 trees, and for a row 

 of grafie -vines extending the length of two of the 

 plats. The trees will have a space of 14 feet 

 square each. But, in orchards, the distances for 

 apples and pears must be much greater ; other- 

 wise the trees will soon run their branches into, 

 and injure, each other. 



CULTIVATION. 



291. The Cultivation of fruit trees divides 

 itself into two distinct parts; the management of 

 the tree itself, which consists of pruning and 

 tying ; and the management of the ground where 

 the trees grow, which consists of digging y hoeing 

 and manuring. The management of the tree 

 itself differs with the sort of tree ; and, there- 

 fore, I shall treat of the management of each 

 sort under its own particular name. But the 

 management of the ground where trees grow is 

 the same in the case of all the larger trees ; and 

 for that reason I shall here give directions con- 

 cerning it. 



292. In the first place, the ground is always 

 to be kept clear of weeds ; for whatever they 

 take is just so much taken from the fruit, either 

 in quantity, or in quality, oy in both. It is true 



