136 Management of Nurseries. 



enable any one to judge accurately of the proper quantity of walei 

 to turn on, so as to make rapid work, and not carry the seed over 

 the box. 



The pomace, fresh from the cheese, should be drawn and placed 

 on a board platform beside the box, and then plenty of water thrown 

 upon it, until it is thoroughly soaked. This will render it easily 

 beaten to pieces with a hoe. The pomace should never remain in 

 the cheese over twenty-four hours, as it soon ferments and the seed 

 is spoiled. 



The best stocks for raising standard cherries suited to the east- 

 ern portions of the Middle States, are procured from the Black 

 Mazzard, which is the original type of the heart varieties. The 

 fruit is to be collected when fully ripe by shaking or beating off on 

 sheets placed below the pulp washed off and the stones mixed 

 with alternating layers of sand, and kept exposed to freezing and 

 thawing until early the following spring. They are then to be 

 planted out in nursery beds or thick rows. The spring following 

 they may be transplanted to the permanent rows of the nursery. If 

 the stones, after being washed from the pulp, are to be carried to a 

 distance, they should be dried in the shade for a few days to prevent 

 moulding. But the drying process should not be continued, as a few 

 weeks' exposure to air will lessen or destroy their power of vegetat- 

 ing. Plum and peach stones may be similarly treated ; but peach- 

 stones do not as soon become injured by exposure to air as those 

 of the smaller fruits. Plum and cherry stones keep well through 

 winter, after being mixed with sand, by placing them in shallow pits 

 only a few inches deep, and covering them with flat stones. They 

 start very early in spring, and should be planted the moment the 

 frost is out of the ground. 



For dwarf cherries the seeds of the Mahaleb are used, and are 

 treated precisely as those of the Black Mazzard already described. 

 In the Western States the Mahaleb succeeds better as a stock than 

 the Mazzard ; and the Morello stock, which is still hardier, answers 

 the purpose well where the others fail, although the heart varieties, 

 when budded into it, do not take readily unless these stocks are in 

 the most thrifty condition. 



Dwarf apple-trees are obtained by budding the common varieties 

 on the Paradise or Doucin stock. The small Paradise apple, which 

 grows but little larger than a currant-bush, reduces .the size of the 

 apple-tree worked upon it so as not to grow more than six or eight 

 feet high, and to bear in two or three years. The Doucin stock is 

 larger, and forms an apple-tree intermediate between the dwarf and 



