298 



Pears. 



and accessible from the ground. Old dwarf trees, which have 

 become enfeebled by long bearing and sparse pruning, may be thus 

 rendered thrifty and vigorous. 



With trees of large size, it may be safest to change the upper 

 half in one year, and the remainder the next, for the purpose of 

 avoiding too great a check in growth. 



Younger trees, or those but a few years old, of undesirable sorts, 

 but of straight growth, may be used for stocks on which to work 

 new heads of crooked or slow growers at standard height. Fig. 

 339 represents a tree of the Virgalieu worked over to the Winter 



Nelis, the former being a straight and handsome tree, and the latter 

 the most crooked grower known. A few buds of the Winter Nelis 

 are inserted into the side limbs of the Virgalieu so as to form an 

 even, well balanced head. The same result may be obtained by 

 grafting these limbs in spring. 



