Grapes. 387 



when galvanized. The wires are fastened to the other posts by 

 staples ; or easier by two common nails, with heads touching, the 

 lower one a ten-penny, and the upper a six-penny. 



Trellis made wholly of wood also answer a good purpose, whether 

 of horizontal bars nailed to posts, or vertical rods nailed to an upper 

 and lower horizontal bar. 



TRAINING ON THE TRELLIS. Whatever mode of training is 

 adopted, the following general rules should be observed : 



1. Allow no shoots to grow nearer than about one foot of each 

 other. 



2. Cut back each bearing shoot at the close of the season to one 

 strong eye, as near the old wood as practicable, to produce bearing 

 shoots another year. 



3. Rub off, as soon as they appear, all shoots not wanted. 

 These rules may be observed for different modes of training, and 



will succeed well, whether in the vertical, horizontal, or in the fan 

 form ; but the following mode will commonly be found the simplest 

 and easiest in practice : 



After the two canes have been formed the third year on the young 

 vine, as already described, they are to be cut off to within about four 

 feet of the base, and spread out in opposite directions horizontally, 

 to form the arms. As buds always tend to break into shoots soon- 

 est, when bent back from an upright position, and also from the 

 extremities or tips of the canes ; these arms, if brought out straight, 





Fig. 426. 



as in Fig. 426, will produce shoots irregularly, the buds on the mid- 

 dle portions of the arms not breaking at all, while the others may 



Fig. 427. 



have grown several inches. To prevent this difficulty, bend them 

 in curves, as shown in Fig. 427 the middle portions being highest, 



