XIII. FIELD NOTES ON MOUNT RAINIER, 1905 



HENRY LANDES is Professor of Geology and Dean of the College 

 of Science, University of Washington, and he has also served 

 as State Geologist of Washington, since 1895. He was born 

 at Carroll, Indiana, on December 22, 1867. He graduated 

 from the University of Indiana in 1892 and obtained the Master 

 of Arts degree at Harvard University in 1893. He was assist- 

 ant to the State Geologist of New Jersey and Principal of 

 the High School at Rockland, Maine, before being elected to 

 his present professorship at the University of Washington in 

 1895. For a year and a half, 1914-1915, he was Acting Presi- 

 dent of the University of Washington. 



He has published many articles and pamphlets on geological sub- 

 jects. The one here given appeared in Mazama, published in 

 December, 1905, by the Mazamas in Portland, Oregon. It is 

 reproduced here with the permission of the author and of the 

 mountaineering club. 



The Columbia River afforded to the first people who 

 came to Washington and Oregon the easiest and most 

 feasible route across the Cascade Mountains. It was 

 through this gateway that travel passed from one side 

 of the range to the other until the advent of the rail- 

 ways in comparatively recent years. The early trav- 

 elers along the river who were of an observing or scien- 

 tific bent, noted that the rocks were, in general, dark, 

 heavy and massive and of the class commonly known as 

 basalt. Here and there a sort of pudding stone or 

 agglomerate was observed, which in some instances 

 might represent a sedimentary deposit, but which here 

 had clearly an igneous origin. 



The observations of the early travelers were supple- 

 mented later by the further studies of geologists ; and 

 from the facts noted along the Columbia River, the 



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