MOUNT RAINIER 



Abies amabilis (Douglas) Forbes. Lovely Fir. 



The Lovely fir is abundant at from 2,500 to 3,500 feet elevation. 

 It is usually but a small tree, with beautifully symmetrical form. 

 Except when fruiting, it is difficult to distinguish from the low- 

 land white fir. 



Abies nobilis Lindley. Noble Fir. 



The finest of all the firs, frequently four to six feet in diameter, 

 without a single branch for a hundred feet or more. Easily 

 known by the deep red color of the bark when chopped into, and by 

 the large cones, covered with reflexed bracts. Abundant at 4,000 

 to 5,000 feet. 



Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall. Subalpine Fir. 



This is the primly conical little fir so common in Paradise 

 Park. It rarely occurs below 4,500 feet elevation. Its dark purple 

 pubescent cones, only two or three inches long, readily distin- 

 guish it from the preceding species. 



Pseudotsuga mucronata (Rafinesque) Sudworth. Douglas 

 Spruce. 



The Douglas spruce is common up to 3,500 feet elevation. 

 There is a marked tendency of the cones to be relatively shorter and 

 thicker at this altitude, but otherwise the tree shows little varia- 

 tion from its lowland typical form. 



Tsuga heterophylla Rafinesque. Western Hemlock. 

 The Western hemlock is abundant at 3,000 feet altitude, but 

 usually much smaller than when growing near the sea level. 



Tsuga mertensiana (Bongard) Carriere. Black Hemlock. 



The Black hemlock is frequent from 4,000 to 6,opo feet elevation. 

 On the higher slopes it commonly forms clumps with the Subalpine 

 fir. When this is the case, the irregular form and dark foliage of the 

 hemlock, usually festooned with lichens, form a pleasing contrast 

 to the conical form and lighter foliage of the fir. 



Pinus albicaulis Engelmann. White-bark Pine. 



This white-barked nut pine is abundant on the high ridge north 

 of the Cowlitz Glacier. It also occurs above Camp of the Clouds. 

 It rarely fruits, and when it does the cones, with their sweet edible 

 seeds, are quickly torn to pieces by Clark's crow. The trunk and 

 branches are frequently adorned with the bright yellow lichen, 

 Evernia vulpina. 



Pinus monticola Douglas. Western White Pine. 

 Not uncommon at low elevations. The narrow cones, six to 

 twelve inches long, are characteristic. 



Pinus contorta Douglas. Lodgepole Pine. 



Reported by Mr. Gorman " on the moraines of the Nisqually." 



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