THE POTTERS AllT. 



the queen's ware a terra cotta resembling porphyry, granite, 

 Egyptian pebble, and other ornamental stones ; a black unglazed 

 ware called basaltes, hard enough to emit sparks when struck with 

 steel, and capable of receiving a high polish, of resisting acids, 

 and of sustaining a high temperature ; a white unglazed ware 

 having like properties ; a bamboo or cane-coloured ware of the 

 same kind; a biscuit adapted to chemical purposes by reason 

 of its hardness, its resistance to acids, its impenetrability by 

 liquids ; its incorrosiveness, and its refractory quality when 

 exposed to high temperatures ; and, in fine, for a production 

 denominated JASPEE, consisting of a white porcelainous biscuit of 

 extreme beauty, having besides the properties of the basaltes 

 above-mentioned, the quality of receiving from the application of 

 metallic oxides colours which penetrate its entire thickness like 

 those imparted to glass or enamel in fusion. This peculiar pro- 

 perty, possessed by no other porcelain or earthenware body 

 ancient or modern, renders it applicable to the production of 

 cameos and all subjects which require to be shown in relief upon 

 a ground of another and darker colour, the figures in relief formed 

 with this biscuit being of the purest white. 



2. We cannot give a more clear idea of the benefits conferred by 

 this manufacture on our national industry than may be obtained 

 from the following evidence, given by Wedgwood before a 

 Parliamentary committee : 



" Though the manufacturing part alone in the Potteries, and 

 their immediate vicinity, gives bread to 15 or 20,000 people, 

 yet this is but a small object when compared with the many others 

 which depend on it; namely, 1st, The immense quantity of inland 

 carriage it creates throughout the kingdom, both for its raw 

 materials and finished goods. 2nd, The great number of people 

 employed in the extensive collieries for its use. 3rd, The still 

 greater number employed in raising and preparing its raw 

 materials in several distant parts of England, from near the Land's 

 End, in Cornwall one way along different parts of the coast, to 

 Falmouth, Teignmouth, Exeter, Pool, Gravesend, and the Norfolk 

 coast ; the other way to Biddeford, Wales, and the Irish coast. 

 4th, The coasting vessels, which, after having been employed at 

 the proper season in the Newfoundland fishery, carry these 

 materials coastwise to Liverpool and Hull, to the amount of more 

 than 20,000 tons yearly ; and at times when, without this employ- 

 ment, they would be laid up idle in harbour. 5th, The further 

 conveyance of these materials from those ports, by river and canal 

 navigation, to the Potteries, situated in one of the most inland 

 parts of this kingdom; and, 6th, The re-conveyance of the finished 

 goods to the different parts of this island, where they are shipped 

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