THE POTTERS ART. 



travelling through France and the Netherlands, at length settled 

 in Brunswick, where he received a pension from the Duke, on the 

 condition of ceasing from his peregrinations. Most of the notes 

 and receipts which were thus put in circulation, were either 

 garbled and fragmentary, or altogether spurious, so that little or 

 no practical advantage was derived by those who became their 

 possessors. 



Ilingler quitting Hb'chst, went to Frankenthal, where, asso- 

 ciating himself with a merchant, named Hammung, he established 

 a porcelain factory, which afterwards became one of the best 

 known in Germany. 



28. He went to Munich, where he established, under the pro- 

 tection of the King of Bavaria, the royal porcelain works at 

 Nymphenburg, within a few miles of the city, in 1758. 



This establishment still continues, and is now the Royal porce- 

 lain manufactory of Bavaria. The white biscuit is manufactured 

 at Nymphenburg, and its ornamentation effected in workshops at 

 Munich. The porcelain clay used in this manufactory is obtained 

 near Passau, already mentioned, the felspar from Raberstein, in 

 Bavaria, and the quartz from Abensburg, near Ratisbon. It was, 

 in like manner, by means of information brought by deserters and 

 runaways from factory to factory, that the fabrication of porcelain 

 came to be established successively in the royal manufactories of 

 Louisberg near Stuttgard, at Berlin, Copenhagen, Brunswick, and 

 St. Petersburgh. 



After the peace of Hubertsburgh, Frederick II. of Prussia, 

 erected the royal manufactory of Berlin. While he was master 

 of Dresden, he sent a considerable quantity of the porcelain clay 

 of Meissen, and several of the operatives of this factory, to Berlin, 

 to aid in the establishment of the manufactory in that city. 



29. Chance, which played so remarkable a part in the progress of 

 the ceramic art elsewhere, was also the origin of its establishment 

 in the Thuringen. 



In 1758, an old woman brought to the laboratory of the cnemist 

 Macheleid, a powder, which she proposed to be used as sand for 

 drying writing. The grain and colour of this powder struck 

 Henry Macheleid, the son of the chemist, who had stiidied at 

 Jena, as bearing a resemblance to china clay. He submitted it 

 to analysis, and found that it was kaolin. In fine, he succeeded 

 in making porcelain with it, and founded in 1762 a manufactory 

 of that article at Sitzerode, which in 1767 was transferred to 

 Volkstadt, and became the origin of all the other manufactories 

 of that district of the German states. 



30. While the art made this progress in Germany, the French 

 potters failing to discover either a true kaolin or any other clay 



158 



