LOCOMOTION AND TRANSPORT. 



in an nnnatural state ; " they seem stupified, and in a state 

 suffering from fatigue." 



It is not merely the fatigue of travelling which injures the 

 animal, but also the absence from its accustomed pasture. The 

 injury from this cause is more or less, under different circum- 

 stances, but always considerable : in order to obviate this, a large 

 portion of the meat supplied to the London market was slaughtered 

 in the country, and came in this state, in winter, from distances 

 round London to the extent of one hundred miles. In warm 

 weather a large quantity of it was spoiled. The transport of calves 

 and lambs from a distance greater than thirty miles is altogether 

 impracticable by common roads, and even from that distance is 

 attended with difficulty and injury. 



To convey these and other live cattle from a great distance, not 

 only speed but evenness of motion is indispensable. Now these 

 two requisites cannot be combined by any other means than the 

 application of steam-engines upon a railroad. 



The whole of the evidence showed that the supply of animal 

 food to the metropolis was not only defective in quantity, but of 

 unwholesome quality comparatively, at least, with what it might 

 be, if the tract from which it could be supplied were rendered more 

 extensive. 



17. But, forcibly as the evidence bore on this species of agricul- 

 tural produce, it was still stronger respecting the produce of the 

 dairy and the garden. Milk, cream, and fresh butter, vegetables of 

 every denomination, and certain descriptions of fruit, were usually 

 supplied exclusively from a narrow annulus of soil which circum- 

 scribes the skirts of great cities. Every artificial expedient was 

 resorted to, in order to extort from this limited portion of land the 

 necessary supplies for the population. The milk was of a quality 

 so artificial, that we know not whether, in strict propriety of 

 language, the name milk can be at all applied to it. The animals 

 that yielded it were fed, not upon wholesome and natural pas- 

 turage, but, in a great degree, on grain and similar articles. It 

 will not be supposed that the milk thus yielded is identical in 

 wholesome and nutritious qualities with the article which could be 

 supplied if a tract of land, of sufficient extent for the pasturage of 

 cattle, was made subservient to the wants of such cities. Add to 

 this that, inferior as must be under such circumstances the quality 

 of the milk, there exist the strongest temptations to the seller 

 who retails it to adulterate it still further before it finds its way to 

 the table of the consumer. 



Since the introduction of transport by railways, we see attached 

 to the fast trains, morning and afternoon, numerous waggons 

 loaded with tier over tier of milk-cans for the supply of the metro- 



