CONTENTS. 



CHAP. XIV. Electric Telegraph Company's present tariff (continued). 

 276. Magnetic Telegraph Company. 277. Chartered Sub- 

 marine Company. 278. The Submarine Telegraph Company 

 between France and England. 279. European and American 

 Telegraph Company. 280. Origin of the submarine companies' 

 enterprises. 281. Wonderful celerity of international cor- 

 respondence. 282. Organisation of electric communications 

 with the Continent. 283. Mediterranean Electric Telegraph 

 Company. 284. General table showing the places on the con- 

 tinent of Europe, which are in electric connection with each 

 other, and with England, and the cost of dispatches sent 

 between them severally and London. 285. Telegraphic lines iu 

 the United States. 286. Vast projects in progress or contem- 

 plation V". 1 - H3 



CHAP. XV. 287. Telegraphic lines in British America. 288. 

 Belgian lines. 289. Their extent and cost. 290. Correspondence 

 transmitted on them. 291. Large proportion of foreign dispatches. 

 292. Classification and proportion of dispatches. 293. Tariff. 

 294. Paris telegraphic congress and convention. 295. Tele- 

 graphic instruments used in Belgium. 296. Language of dis- 

 patches. 297. French telegraphic lines. 298. Instruments 

 used on them. 299. Their connection with those of other states. 

 300. Repetition necessary at intermediate stations. 301. Case 

 of dispatches between France and England. 302. Advantages of 

 increased number of wires. 303. Of instruments requiring only 

 one wire. 304. Organisation of the French telegraphic adminis- 

 tration. 305. Austro-Gfermanic Union. 306. Stations and 

 tariff. 307. Netherlands telegraphic lines. 308. Swiss tele- 

 graphic lines. 309. Italian telegraphic lines 129 



EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. 



CHAP. I. 1. Science tends to the discovery of general laws admits 

 no accidental phenomena. 2. Atmospheric phenomena neither 

 uncertain nor accidental. 3. Physical subterranean agencies. 

 4. Convulsions incidental to the solid shell of the earth. 5. 

 Increase of temperature at increasing depths. 6. Central parts 

 in a state of fusion. 7. Depth at which this liquid state com- 

 mences. 8. Proportional thickness of the solid shell. 9. Surface 

 of the earth subject to frequent convulsions from the reaction of 

 the internal fluid matter on the solid shell. 10. Geological 

 evidences of this. 11. Physical causes of earthquakes and 

 volcanoes. 12. Undulations of surface produced by the internal 

 fluid. 13. Their effects on buildings and other objects. 

 14. Vertical and oscillatory motions. 15. Undulations propa- 

 gated in parallel lines sometimes in circles. 16. Effects of the 

 vertical shock in the earthquake of Riobamba. 17. Examples of 

 circular propagation. 18. Examples of horizontal and gyratory 

 derangement. 19. Strong shocks sometimes felt without over- 

 turning buildings. 20. Gyratory earthquakes most destructive. 



