34 Thirty Tears 



eighteen, and its covering was moose deer leather, 

 with apertures for the escape of the smoke from the 

 fires which were placed at each end ; a ledge of wood 

 was placed on the ground on both sides of the whole 

 length of the tent, within which were the sleeping 

 places, arranged probably according to families ; and 

 the drums and other instruments of enchantment were 

 piled up in the centre. Amongst the Indians there 

 were a great many half-breeds, who lead an Indian 

 life. Governor Williams gave a dram and a piece of 

 tobacco to each of the males of the party. 



On the morning of the 21st, a heavy fall of snow 

 took place, which lasted until two in the afternoon. 

 In the evening we left the Saskatchawan, and entered 

 the Little Eiver, one of the two streams by which 

 Pine Island Lake discharges its waters. We advanced 

 to-day fourteen miles and a quarter. On the 22d, the 

 weather was extremely cold and stormy, and we had 

 to contend against a strong head wind. The spray 

 froze as it fell, and the oars were so loaded witli ice 

 as to be almost unmanageable. The length of our 

 voyage this day was eleven miles. 



The following morning was very cold ; we embarked 

 at daylight, and pulled across a part of Pine Island 

 Lake, about three miles and a half to Cumberland 

 Bouse. 'I'll- margin of tho lake was bo encrusted 

 with ire, that we had to break through a considerable 



