TIME AND CHANGE 



Carboniferous times; when the first pair of lungs 

 grew out of a fish's air-bladder, probably in Triassic 

 times; when the first four-chambered heart was 

 developed and double circulation established, prob- 

 ably with the first warm-blooded animal in Meso- 

 zoic times. 



These humble forms started the brain, the nerv- 

 ous system, the circulation, sight, hearing, smell; 

 they invented the liver, the kidneys, the lungs, the 

 heart, the stomach, and led the way to every organ 

 and power my body and mind have to-day. I'hey 

 were the pioneers, they were the dim remote fore- 

 bears, they conserved and augmented the fund of 

 life and passed it along. 



All their struggles, their discipline, their battles, 

 their failures, their successes, were for you and me. 

 Man has had the experience of all the animals be- 

 low him. He has suffered and struggled as a fish, 

 he has groveled and devoured as a reptile, he has 

 fought and triumphed as a quadruped, he has lived 

 in trees as a monkey, he has inhabited caves with the 

 wolf and the bear, he has roamed the forests and 

 plains as a savage, he has survived without fire or 

 clothes or weapons or tools, he has lived with the 

 mastodon and all the saurian monsters, he has held 

 his own against great odds, he has survived the long 

 battles of the land and the sea, he weathered the 

 ice-sheet that overrode both hemispheres, he has 

 seen many forms become extinct. In the historic 



2S 



