24 



It is not always the demonstrative pose or form of gesture 

 alone, which forms express emphatically the motives of the pre- 

 vailing effects. The features of the countenance are other forms 

 which express similar to the forms of poses and gestures, dominat- 

 ing effects, though in a more passive way, although the features 

 of the countenance of animals of the vertebrate kingdom are not 

 to that degree verified in comparison to man, owing to his anatomi- 

 cal structure. 



Man's physical constitution is, according to his character and 

 numerous forms of effects and motives, very differently con- 

 structed, so that every form of feature of his countenance ex- 

 presses its relative prevailing effect, intellectually and emotionally. 

 Hence, on the other hand, the number of expressions of the fea- 

 tures on the countenance of the animal are but few, but more 

 expressively demonstrated in correlation with the few but deter- 

 mining principles and motives of individualization respectively, 

 its personal welfare. And these few demonstrative forms of 

 expressions are sufficient for the purpose of intercourse and 

 mutual understanding. 



CHAPTER VI. 



EVOLUTION OF SOUND-PRODUCING ORGANS AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY 

 OF HEARING FACULTIES. 



Poses and gestures are forms of demonstrative expression 

 only adapted and suitable for a nearby communication, respec- 

 tively, from face to face manifestations. But though organic 

 beings are also compelled to confer with individuals lodging some- 

 times at distant places, they have to develop sound-producing 

 organs, in order to reach them through the agency of sounds. For 

 this reason organic beings have to exert the most expedient instru- 

 mentality of such apparatus suiting this purpose. 



Then again it is the sexual question and the principles of 

 conjugal affairs which have achieved the individual in the culmina- 

 tion of perfect adaptation. But the limited possibilities of physical 

 development determinate the modes of sound-producing organs. 

 They can be divided into two classes first, the air-breathing ver- 

 tebrata, which possess organs to produce vocal and inarticulated 



