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sounds; second, insects, which have developed organs producing 

 sounds by stridulation. 



Now, attending again to previous remarks, we bear in mind 

 that the more the cerebral organization of an organic being is 

 becoming progressively developed and complicated, the more the 

 mental faculties are becoming positive and active in their mani- 

 festations. Consequently, it will follow that the organic being 

 gradually is becoming removed from the basis of direct transcen- 

 dental intercourse, that is, the pathetical-intellectual transmission 

 of motives or thought transference. Naturally, the fundamental 

 basis of transcendental intercourse loses much of its efficiency and 

 susceptibility, and, in order to communicate with the fellow-being, 

 similar qualified, effectfully, sound-producing organs have to be 

 developed to project the motives to the distant object. In linear 

 evolution with this is also the hearing organ, respectively, the 

 susceptibility for the effects of the different modified sounds 

 that is, the ear. 



The climax of the perfection of sound-producing and hear- 

 ing organs will be observed in the superior classes of the vertebrate 

 kingdom, as there the most simple forms will be found in the 

 lower classes of the organic world the insects. Darwin notes that 

 all air-breathing vertebrata necessarily possess an apparatus for 

 inhaling and expelling air, with a tube capable of being closed at 

 one end. Hence, when the primeval member of this class were 

 strongly excited and their muscles violently contracted, purpose- 

 less sounds would almost certainly have been produced ; and these, 

 if they have proved to be serviceable, might readily have been 

 modified or intensified by the preservation of properly adapted 

 variations. 



Now, this described apparatus is the rudimental state of 

 developing the vocal organ which reaches, during the course of 

 organic evolution in the human race, the climax of perfection. 

 The excitement, which causes this organ to produce such demon- 

 strative sounds, is created by the prevailing emotional effect. 



The created sounds in the movements of the animal kingdom 

 are merely involuntary, demonstrative expressions; they are ex- 

 pressively forced out by an excited emotional effect, being an 

 instantaneous manifestation of some emotional principle relating 

 to the desire to maintain existence, whether this manifestation is 



