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gestures express distinctly the form and intensity of the prevail- 

 ing effect the expressed sounds, vocal or stridulating, which are 

 scaled from the lowest tone and ascending up to the highest note, 

 demonstrate also the various pathetical dispositions, from the 

 subdued upward to the exalted condition. 



Now, going over to that class of organic beings, which are, 

 owing to their anatomical structure, not able to produce sounds 

 by vocal organs. There are the insects, which demonstrate their 

 emotional dispositions in producing sounds by a stridulating ap- 

 paratus. Though these are individuals of a lower rank in the 

 animal kingdom, their emotional conditions are not so intensified 

 and their intellectual faculties not to that extent exerted in com- 

 parison with beings of the classes of the animal kingdom. But, 

 nevertheless, in order to demonstrate their dominating effects and 

 motives, they have also achieved to develop a sound-producing 

 organ, which is also expediently serviceable for the demonstra- 

 tion of prevailing emotional effects, and sufficiently adapted as a 

 medium for inter-communication and mutual understanding. 



Hence, to which extent the impulse of producing sounds is 

 demonstrated on one side, and on the other side susceptibility and 

 reflexibility are exhibited, can be observed frequently when the 

 summer has set in and new life is spread out all over the field. 

 Thousands of different sounds and tones are vibrating through 

 the air, coming from all directions, from unseen sources, from 

 out the grass, bushes and trees. Any human soul, fond of ardent 

 observation in the life of nature, will notice that all these various 

 tones and notes represent the emotional effects and motives of 

 intelligent organic beings, demonstrating their motives and feel- 

 ings of pleasure and pain, whether to charm or challenge. This 

 indicates that pleasure and pain are not only alone attributable to 

 man that there are numberless beings besides him enjoying the 

 liberty and the evolution of individualization. They send their 

 little voices up in the air when the sun, radiates in warming and 

 animating rays, and they quiet when dark clouds attempt to 

 darken the field. Prevailing effects, representing either pleasure 

 or pain, impel also insects as well as other organic bings, to 

 demonstrate their feelings by sounds and various forms of notes. 

 The sphinx atropus, a species of hawk moth, squeaks when hurt, 

 and it also utters, when extremely emotionally depressed, plain- 

 tive sounds. 



