2 9 



sexual principles to obtain the object which the male individual 

 feels necessary for its personal existence first, calling the atten- 

 tion of some distant female and inviting her, which is indicated 

 by the louder calling tones, then the more softer tones, indicating 

 to persuade the proudish female coaxing and caressing, until a 

 mutual understanding is formed which finally results in the pro- 

 jected conjugal alliance. 



It may easily be doubted if the stridulating organs of insects 

 would be of sufficient service for them for the purpose of inter- 

 communication and mutual understanding, though insects are not 

 endowed with any form of a hearing organ, because no trace 

 whatever can be detected which would in any respect resemble 

 the rudest form of the hearing ability in the vertebrate life. 



But I think it is out of the question, and it is very apparent, 

 that the mutual understanding of insects and similar individuals 

 is not based solely upon telepathetical intercourse that is, trans- 

 ference of feeling and motives but also upon the basis of 

 accoustic principles ; and even if no trace of a hearing organ can 

 be observed and some females have no stridulating apparatus 

 to produce sounds, in order to demonstrate also the presence of 

 emotional principles. 



But it is logical, if an insect developes instinctively a rational 

 sound-producing organ, it does this for the simple purpose of 

 demonstrating its motives and feelings to another individual, rep- 

 resenting an object, whether from the sexual or rival standpoint. 

 An insect, with the instinctive motive to produce sounds, in order 

 to reach by their efforts the object desired (on other insects), must 

 naturally be aware that the corresponding being is susceptible to 

 the vibrating effects of those projected and addressed sounds; 

 otherwise, that insect would not make any efforts to develop and 

 adopt a sound-producing apparatus, if it be of no avail. 



Hence, on the other hand, an insect, for instance, the female, 

 without a sound-producing organ, must logically pathetically so 

 be organized that its emotional effects subjectively become excited 

 to reflect upon those sounds, projected from a related being. The 

 truth of such manifestation has frequently been demonstrated in 

 the events of sexual affairs in animal life, and any ardent observer 

 will corroborate this fact. 



Moreover, the knowledge of each others' pathetical and ana- 



