basis is becoming vibrated and put thereby out of the ideal normal 

 condition. Thus beings reflect upon those influences and act 

 accordingly. Now, we may say as well that their whole body 

 is a hearing organ, respectively susceptible for accoustic princi- 

 ples. It is this the first state of the hearing sense in its rudest 

 form. 



Its latent faculty of analyzation is not yet evolved in order 

 to analyze the affecting sounds into their components, because the 

 organic state of those beings does not necessitate it, for the present 

 time, although the constitution is apparently adapted to com- 

 municate transcendentally. But then, in the progressive course of 

 organic evolution of the individuals, where the physical structure 

 is becoming more perfected in form and size, the susceptibility of 

 the body to the effects of vibration is becoming gradually less. 

 The consequence is that the individual, ascending now morpho- 

 logically to the superior states of organic life, is impelled to local- 

 ize the susceptible faculty to a more adapted place on the body. 



Naturally, every state of organic beings has, according to its 

 rank in the organic kingdom, instinctively developed a hearing 

 organ, whether it is located probably beneath the surface of the 

 body, as perhaps by insects, or it is situated on the surface of the 

 body, as exhibited in the vertebrate kingdom, which is termed 

 the ear. Insects, apparently, it seems, must have a susceptible 

 organ underneath the surface of the body, or they must obviously 

 have an adapted spot on a certain region of their physical struc- 

 ture which is susceptible to the effects of sounds; because, no 

 form resembling in the least a hearing apparatus can be traced on 

 their body. Hence, the way the insects reflect upon those sounds 

 projected from each other demonstrates plainly that in both sexes 

 the hearing faculty is well adapted for the purpose of intercom- 

 munication, especially so far as it concerns their mutual interest. 



Some naturalists doubt the hearing sense of spiders; again, 

 others declare that they are attracted by music. According to Mr. 

 Westring, who observed that male spiders of different species have 

 stridulating organs, while the females are mute, it is concluded 

 that this serves for calling the attention of the female in relation 

 to conjugal affairs. Moreover, for instance, if a fly is confined 

 to a small piece of sticking paper, she will at once commence a 



