PART II. 



THE VARIOUS FORMS OF EXPRESSION. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



RATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODES OF EXPRESSION, BY REASONING 

 FROM INTUITIVE IDEAS. 



In relation to the subject, so far as the reasoning faculty 

 is concerned, it is obvious that these manifestations, by reasoning 

 intuitively from a constructive idea, are more prevailing among 

 the lower classes of the organic world than in the higher. The 

 extreme opposite classes in the organic world, organized and 

 enabled to demonstrate their feelings and motives, are on one 

 side the vertebrata, on the other side the class of insects, properly 

 represented by monkeys and ants, bees and similar kinds. 



Now, if we compare the intellectual and pathetical manifesta- 

 tions of the monkey and the intellectual exhibitions of ants, bees 

 and kindred beings, we must logically come to the conclusion that 

 the amount of effort of intelligence is not always dependent upon 

 a perfectly constructed cerebral organization. The physical 

 structure of the ant is not to that extent adapted to render proper 

 utility for inellectual and pathetical demonstrations as this is the 

 case with the monkey. 



The forms of demonstrative expression of the ant and other 

 insects are only few in number and simple in compliance with the 

 simplicity and faculties of their respective anatomical structure. 

 Their body allows only certain poses, demonstrating some ardent 

 emotional effects; their antennae render very little service of ex- 

 pression by gesticulative motions, and as far as it concerns stridu- 

 lating organs, providing there are any, they are also of little avail 

 to render perfect service for intercommunication and mutual 

 understanding. 



But it is very doubtful that the facilities of expression of 

 these few simple forms are competent enough to meet the ques- 

 tions of all the various complicated functions which are mani- 

 fested in the social life of ants and bees. Some naturalists base 

 their opinion upon the theory that the movement of intercom- 



