II 

 CHAPTER II. 



INSTINCT AND ITS RELATION TO THE SUBJECT. 



Though the pathetical faculties in co-operation with the 

 "intellect," termed in the animal kingdom instinct, constitute the 

 essential basis of demonstrative expression and mutual under- 

 standing, it is necessary to give here preliminarily a brief delinea- 

 tion of this intellectual disposition of the animal, which generally 

 is called instinct, and its relation to the subject. 



However, it is an important fact that the grade of intelli- 

 gence designates the fate of individualization and its welfare. 

 The specific form of intellect with which the animal is endowed 

 manifests itself in a more subjective phase, that is, easily inducted 

 by the predominating (original) motive of individualization, 

 respectively, the determining idea to maintain existence. 



This very motive (original idea) implies the rational ability 

 to select and determinate ideologically all objects and forms which 

 are available and beneficial for the construction of individuality, 

 physically and psychologically, in order to maintain personal wel- 

 fare. 



The primitive organic being executes subjectively that which 

 this fundamental and original idea (motive) intends to do; its 

 fate is postulated upon this very idea. The structure of that 

 primitive organic being is framed by the intellectual efforts of 

 this reasoning original idea, which manifests itself explicitly by 

 reasoning from the feeling of pleasure and determining impulse of 

 individualization. 



This is merely an intellectual manifestation contrary to those 

 of the higher class of vertebrates, especially, man. They are 

 reasoning from an empirical idea, originated by experience, which, 

 when exerted, is termed deduction and speculation, manifested 

 more or less by mental skill, according to the cerebral organiza- 

 tion of the being. 



Now, organic beings of the lower ranks are not endowed with 

 the power of speculative faculties, which distinguishes these two 

 classes of organic life. The simplicity of their structure involves, 

 naturally, an equal simplicity of intellectual faculties and reason- 

 ing transactions from the original idea, the motive of individual- 

 ization. But from this state of organic life, ascending up to the 

 higher, this intellectual faculty, termed instinct, is becoming 



