THE INFERIOR TURBINATED BONES. 53 



it consists of two laminae, which sometimes fail to unite, 

 inclosing a sinus between them. 



THE INFERIOR TURBINATED BONES. 



The inferior turbinated are two irregular, scroll-like 

 bones situated in the nasal cavities. They are spindle- 

 shaped in outline, and run horizontally along the outer 

 wall of the nose. The bones consist of a quadrilateral, 

 vertical plate, about three-quarters of an inch square; 

 from its inner surface the turbinated portion curves in- 

 ward and downward. The vertical plate presents for 

 examination an external and internal surface, and irregu- 

 lar borders. The external surface is rough, for articula- 



(Inner surface.) (Outer surface.) 



FIG. 21 INFERIOR TURBINATED BONES. 



tion with the inner surface of the lateral mass of the 

 ethmoid and superior maxillary, and it also assists in 

 closing the antrum. The inner surface of the vertical 

 plate forms part of the external wall of the nose. Pro- 

 jecting from the anterior border of the vertical plate is 

 the lachrymal process, a vertical lamella of bone, which 

 articulates with the lower border of the lachrymal. The 

 anterior border articulates with the posterior edge of the 

 nasal process, completing the lachrymal canal. The 

 turbinated portion is spindle-shaped, strongly curved 

 inward, downward, and outward; rougher and more 

 irregular on the inner convex than on the outer or 

 under concave surface. The extremities are pointed, 

 the posterior sharper than the anterior. The upper 

 border of the turbinated portion, in front of the vertical 



