ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN RIBS AND VERTEBRAE. 155 

 ARTICULATIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 



(a) Ligaments pass between the bodies, (5) trans- 

 verse processes, (c) articular processes, (t?) laminae, and 

 (e) spinous processes. 



(a) Those of the body: 

 LIGAMENTS: 



ANTERIOR COMMON. 



Origin Anterior surface of the bodies of vertebra. 

 Insertion From sacrum to axis. 

 POSTERIOR COMMON. 



Origin and Insertion Extends along posterior sur- 

 face of the bodies of vertebrae from sacrum to axis. 

 INTERVERTEBRAL SUBSTANCE. 



Origin and Insertion Biconvex disks of fibro-carti- 

 lage interposed cushion-like between bodies of 

 vertebrae. 



(>) Between the transverse processes are the inter- 

 transverse ligaments, strong in the dorsal, absent in the 

 cervical region, and membranous in the lumbar region. 



(c) Between the articular processes. Capsular liga- 

 ments attached to the margins of the articular surfaces 

 above and below. 



(d) Laminae : Yellow elastic ligaments passing from 

 the lamina below to that above, the entire length of the 

 spine, from the sacrum to the axis. 



(e) Spinous processes: Interspinous, those passing 

 between the spines; supraspinous, those attached to the 

 apices of the spines. 



ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN THE RIBS AND VERTEBRAE. 



(a) Heads of ribs and bodies of the vertebrae. 

 LIGAMENTS : 



ANTERIOR, or STELLATE. 

 . Origin Neck of rib. 



