364 



PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



the sides of the freenum of the tongue. Its structure is 

 like that of the parotid. 



The siibUngual gland is situated above the mylo- 

 hyoid muscle ; it weighs about one drachm, and opens 

 by numerous ducts on the floor of the mouth ; one of 

 these the duct of Bartholine opens into Wharton's 

 duct. In structure it resembles the parotid and sub- 

 maxillary. The secre- 

 tion of the salivary 

 glands is watery, hav- 

 ing a specific gravity 

 of 1005 ; it contains 

 many other ingredi- 

 ents, an organic fer- 

 ment ptyaline, which 

 acts on starches and 

 transforms them into 

 dextrine. 



THE PHARYNX. 



The pharynx is the 

 large musculo-mem- 

 branous sac which is 

 attached above to the 

 basilar process of the 

 occipital bone, and 

 into which open the 

 posterior nares, the Eustachian tube, the mouth, larynx, 

 and oesophagus. It is about five inches long, and termi- 

 nates on a level with the fifth cervical vertebra in the 

 oesophagus, with which it is continuous ; it is composed 

 of three coats, muscular, fibrous, and mucous. The 

 muscular coat is formed by the constrictors ; the fibrous 

 coat, between the muscular and mucous, is attached to 



FIG. 159. PHARYNX LAID OPEN FROM 

 BEHIND. 



1, styloid process : 2, body of occipital ; 3, septum nasi ; 

 4, middle turbinated bone ; 5, posterior uaris ; 6, inferior tur- 

 binated bone ; 7, soft palate : 9, uvula; 10, tonsil; 11, back 

 of tongue ; 12, epiglottis ; 13, arytssno-epiglottidean fold ; 

 14, tip of arytaenoid cartilage ; 15, oesophagus ; 16, back of 

 cricoid cartilage. 



