THE ORGAN OF SMELL. 435 



consist of minute conical papillae, from which spring 

 numerous filiform processes. The circum valla tee papillae 

 are near the base of the tongue, and are about the size 

 of a small pea. They vary from eight to ten in number, 

 and are arranged like the letter V, with the point of the 

 V at the base of the tongue. The papillae consist of 

 a fibrous structure, supporting capillaries, lymphatics, and 

 nerves, and are invested with a basement membrane, cov- 

 ered by epithelial cells. In the circumvallate and fungi- 

 form papillae are the " taste goblets," which consist of a 

 nest of perpendicular, spindle-shaped, ciliated cells, into 

 which the axis-cylinders of nerves can be traced. They 

 are surrounded by large, flat, nucleated cells and spindle 

 cells. The cilia project above the free surface of the 

 epithelium. Imbedded in the mucous membrane are 

 also a great number of mucous follicles and some lymph- 

 oid tissue. The epithelium is squamous. The chorda 

 tympani nerve supplies the anterior two-third, the glosso- 

 pharyngeal the posterior one-third of the mucous mem- 

 brane of the tongue. 



THE ORGAN OF SMELL. 



The organ of smell is situated in the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nasal cavities. 



The nose is the projecting osseo-cartilaginous struc- 

 ture, triangular in outline, placed in the median line of 

 the face. At its inferior portion are two oval apertures 

 separated by a projection of the septum nasi. The nasal 

 bones and nasal processes of the superior maxillae form 

 the osseous portion of the nose, which is completed by 

 the two upper and two lower lateral and the triangular 

 septal cartilages. Numerous small muscles act on the 

 integument of the nose. They have been described. 



