VIl] DISTICHOUS AND SPIRAL BUD-SCALES 55 



necessarily arranged in precisely the same way. The bud- 

 scales are more or less obviously distichous or doubly 

 distichous in 



Lime Apple Camellia 



Celtis Pear Elms 



Chestnut Beech Hornbeam 



Hazel Mulberry Aristolochia 



Ampelopsis Vine. 



In the following the outer bud-scales or leaves are 

 distichous, but they often pass inwards to some form of 

 spiral arrangement : 



Ivy Bilberry Birch 



Chestnut Hazel Lime 



Beech Hornbeam. 



They are spirally imbricate in 



and Willows (except Salix purpurea). 



The functions of the bud-scales have been investigated 

 by Grass, whose results may be thus summarized. 



In Cornus sanguinea, the Vine and some others, starch, 

 and in Lonicera, the Willows, &c., oil is stored as reserve 

 food-materials in the scales. 



