ALDER BUCKTHORN 215 



Rhamnus Frangula, L. Alder Buckthorn (Fig. 110). 

 There may be one or two minute stipular scales beneath 

 the exposed young foliar leaves composing the bud, but 

 they do not enclose them. Twigs slightly angular above, 



Fig. 110. Alder Buckthorn, Rhamnus Frangula (D). 



violet-brown, slender, with elongated obvious grey lenti- 

 cels, passing to grey or grey-brown. The uppermost 

 lateral bud often close beneath the terminal one. Dwarf- 

 shoots numerous and nodulose with leaf-scars. Leaf-scar 

 small, semi-lunate, with three leaf-traces. Pith pale, small, 

 rounded, and dotted with pores. 



