ELMS : CHEEPING WILLOW 243 



U. campestris, L. Twigs thick, bristly. Leaves thin, 

 venation hairy, upper surface scabrid, base hardly oblique, 

 margins sharply bi-serrate. Leaves much larger, 8 16 x 

 4 10 cm., especially the terminals, which are often cut 

 into 3 tips. Petiole very short and thick, 3 8 mm., hairy. 

 This is the species U. montana, Sm. 



U. effusa, Willd. Thin glabrous shining twigs. 

 Leaves thin, glabrous or roughish above, hairy beneath, 

 very oblique, sharply bi-serrate. Petiole short, 3 9 mm., 

 pubescent. This is not British, and is the same as U. 

 pedunculata, Foug. 



Numerous other forms have been distinguished, of 

 which only one need be mentioned, var. suberosa, Ehrb., 

 a variety of U. campestris with very corky twigs. 



The leaves of the Beech, usually entire, are oc- 

 casionally sufficiently sinuate-dentate to be looked for in 

 this group. They are oval, glabrous and glossy, and strict- 

 pinnate. See p. 284.] 



(/3) Leaves spiral on both long and dwarf 

 shoots. 



* Leaves lanceolate, usually at least 4 times 

 as long as broad, and often much longer. 



t Leaves silky-pubescent, at least beneath. 



Leaves small, at most 1 6 cm. long, with 

 obscurely sermtulate margins, and stipules 

 minute, or obsolete. Small creeper. 



Salix repens, L. Creeping Willow. Small creeping 

 arenicolous bush, with silky-velvety shoots and buds. 

 Leaves very variable, about 25 40 x 58 mm. (1 6 

 cm. x 1'5 15 mm.), elliptic to broad oval or ovate, oblong- 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or even sub-linear. Silvery- 

 silky both sides, or glabrous and dark green above and 



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