STONE PINE: CLUSTER PINE 313 



20 cm. x 1-5 2 mm.), rather slender, bright green, loose 

 on the branches. Margins scabridulous, straight or 

 twisted : tip pungent, yellowish. Basal sheath grey, be- 

 coming darker and torn. Resin-canals all round the leaf, 

 each encircled by sclerenchyma. Venation simple. Dying 

 leaves yellow. 



eedles about 20 30 cm. 

 long. 



Pinus Pinaster, Soland. Cluster Pine. Large tree of 

 sandy coasts, &c. Leaves 18 30 cm. (8 30 cm. x 2 mm.), 

 thick and fleshy, fresh green both sides, slightly shining, 

 rigid, often twisted, mostly clustered towards the ends of 

 the shoots. Margins slightly serrulate, sub-acute and 

 pungent. Basal sheath 1 2 cm., whitish, wrinkled, be- 

 coming blackish. Resin-canals in the centre of the 

 mesophyll. Venation simple. Vascular bundle double. 

 Dying leaves yellow. 



l~l n Leaves not in fascicles, but isolated and 

 spiral on the shoots, evergreen. 



Leaves linear, more or less flat, and 

 so twisted as to lie in one plane, right 

 and left of the shoot, as if combed out 

 horizontally pseudo-distichous. 



[This pseudo-distichous arrangement must be carefully 

 distinguished from true distichy. In the latter case the 

 leaf-insertions are themselves right and left on the shoot : 

 in the former the leaf-insertions are spiral and the leaves 

 twisted into the right and left positions. See p. 11.] 



Jf Lower side of the leaf with two longi- 

 tudinal silvery white lines of stomata: 

 leaf obtuse or notched at the apex. 

 Endodermis well defined. Leaf -base 

 not prominent. Shoots resinous. 



