1032 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



No foundation exists for 

 that belief. There is more 

 sap in the tree in winter 

 than in summer. It accu- 

 mulates during the summer 

 and remains inactive, so 

 far as movement is con- 

 cerned, during the winter ; 

 but the sugar is being man- 

 ufactured in the wood's 

 pores and cells. When 

 the warmth of spring ap- 

 pears, the air in the wood 

 expands and causes a pres- 

 sure which may amount to 

 20 pounds per square inch 

 more than the pressure 

 created by a perfect vacu- 

 um. If an opening is then 

 made through the bark and 

 into the wood, the internal 

 pressure, due to expanding 

 air, forces the sap out. The 

 cool of night lowers the 

 temperature of the air in 

 the wood cells, the pres- 

 sure ceases, and the sap 

 flow declines or stops; but 

 the heat of the succeeding 

 day restores the pressure 

 and the flow again begins. 

 That continues as long as 

 the weather is alternately 

 hot and cold. The earliest 

 flow occurs in the spring 

 while the tree's roots are 

 still frozen, and it is not possible for sap to rise from that 

 source. An artificial flow may be induced in midwinter 

 by building a fire against the maple's trunk to warm the 



A MODERN SUGAR CAMP 

 The sap is collected in galvanized iron pails and is carried in pipes of the 

 same material to the boiling house. This is an improvement over the 

 old-fashioned sled-and-barrel method of sap transportation, provided it 

 is all downhill. 



air within, thereby creating 

 pressure by the expansion 

 of the air sufficient to 

 force the sap out. That 

 process was formerly re- 

 sorted to by settlers on the 

 frontiers when sickness or 

 some other cause de- 

 manded sugar in winter 

 and none was available ex- 

 cept that made from the 

 maple trees with which the 

 snowy forests abounded. 



The New York State 

 College of Forestry at 

 Syracuse is maintaining in 

 the State Forest Station 

 at Syracuse an experimen- 

 tal nursery where over one 

 million trees are produced 

 annually. The College in- 

 vites inspection of this 

 forest nursery and of the 

 experimental work being 

 carried on in the Station. 

 It will be glad to give in- 

 formation at any time re- 

 garding the kinds of trees 

 that are best suited to dif- 

 ferent soils, methods of 

 planting, care of trees 

 after planting, etc. It is 

 surprisingly easy to start 

 a thousand evergreens and 

 until one has planted these they will not appreciate the 

 pleasure of watching the development of a plantation 

 of little trees. 



Annual Meeting in Boston 



THE annual meeting of the American Forestry 

 Association will be held in Boston, Mass., on 

 Monday and Tuesday, January 17 and 18. Head- 

 quarters will be at the Copley-Plaza Hotel and the busi- 

 ness and general meetings will be held there with sessions 

 each day in the morning and afternoon. A program 

 suited to public and technical phases of forestry will be 

 announced later and s])ecial attention will be given to the 

 effort to extend the appropriation for continuing the 

 purchase of Federal Forest Reserves under the pro- 

 visions of the Weeks Law. 



On Monday evening, January 17, there will be a 

 Forestry Dinner at the Copley-Plaza under the joint 

 auspices of the Massachusetts Forestry .Association and 



the several other forestry and forest protective associa- 

 tions in New England and the American Forestry Asso- 

 ciation, the purpose being to get together all the New 

 England organizations interested in forestry. The speak- 

 ers will comprise some of the leading men of the country 

 and it is expected that several hundred people will be 

 present. 



Reservations for the dinner may be made now. Tickets 

 are $3.00 each. Those desiring tables for a special num- 

 ber should arrange for same at once. Reservations 

 should be requested from Harris A. Reynolds, secretary 

 of the Massachusetts Forestry Association, 4 Joy Street, 

 Boston, or P. S. Ridsdale, secretary of the American 

 Forestry Association, Washington, D. C. 



