LOGGING RASAK AND LAGAN 



1053 



work, such as carpenters, blacksmiths and machinists, are 

 Chinese, but all the operating work is done by labor im- 

 ported from Java. Malays do the clerical work, do all 

 surveying and make maps, and also make all drawings 

 for mechanical work. The employes of the company 

 are all housed and quartered on the concession of the 

 company and the different houses and buildings of the 

 company present quite a town of itself, in which the 

 company must maintain streets, sewers, water, etc., at its 

 own expense, and is subject to all sanitary rules and ordi- 

 nances that the Governor of the island may prescribe. 



The town of Sinabang proper is controlled by the Gov- 

 ernment and maintained by it. The town has fine wide 

 streets lined with shade trees, it has electric light, tele- 

 phone service, police and fire departments, a customs 

 house, post and telegraph cable station, and a barracks for 

 native soldiers. Sinabang is also the seat of Government 

 of the island and usually the Governor is the only white 

 man residing in Sinabang proper, all other Government 

 officials are either half-castes or natives. The religion of 

 the inhabitants of the island is Mohammedan. There is 

 not a single Christian church or preacher on the island of 

 Si Maloe. 



Traveling on one of the coastwise steamers of the 

 Paketvaart the stranger will notice that the Malay lan- 

 guage is the official language on board ship as well as all 

 over Nederlandsch-Indie. It will also be noticed that the 

 first and second-class accommodations are located on the 

 bow and stern of the ship, while the middle section of the 

 ship is reserved for deck passengers and cargo ; which ar- 

 rangement is the reverse from American and European 

 steamships, where the first-class passenger accommoda- 

 tions are located amidship. On the boats are also private 

 kitchens, both for Chinese and natives, where those who 

 do not consider ''clean" the food they receive from the 

 ship, can cook their own food in their own manner. After 

 listening, on American and European steamers, the class 

 that carry cargo as well as passengers, to the rattle and 

 noise of the steam wenches, when cargo is discharged or 

 taken on, it is quite a novelty to find some of the coast 

 steamers of the Paketvaart equipped with electric hoist- 

 ing apparatus, which works absolutely noiselessly. 



As mentioned before, the Government of Nederland- 

 sch-Indie owns all forests and employs a staff of Govern- 

 ment foresters for the management of the forests of the 

 country. The Government grants concessions to private 

 companies for the exploitation of certain tracts, but in 

 1914 the Government cancelled all concessions for cutting 

 Teak in Java, to take effect January 1, 1916, and on that 

 date the Government itself intends to assume all the oper- 

 ations of exploiting the Teak timber in Java on its own 

 account. In other words, the Government intends to go 

 into the timber business, as far as Teak is concerned, 

 and derive all the profits itself. Government ownership 

 and control of forests seems to take a strong hold in the 

 Far East. The representative of a timber company in 

 Siam remarked, when he investigated the merits of 



Pacific Coast donkey engines for dragging logs out, that 

 they worked very well, but they would not suit his busi- 

 ness. In the first place he could cut only those trees that 

 were marked out by the foresters, and further, he could 

 not cut other trees for fuel, and he would not dare to 

 injure any trees when he removed the logs that he had 

 cut, and which he would be very apt to do if he dragged 

 the logs through the woods by means of a donkey engine. 



GIANT PINE AT UNUSUAL ALTITUDE 



AT AN altitude of 10,000 feet in the temperate zone 

 / \ it is generally assumed that there is little timber, 

 at least nothing that is worthy the name. In Cali- 

 fornia, however, are found many things not supposed 

 to be so. The photograph, taken by Geologist G. K. 

 Gilbert, of the United States Geological Survey, shows 

 an enormous pine tree growing at this elevation, a tree 

 which in point of size and vigor would be a credit to anv 

 altitude and latitude. The tree is a specimen of moun- 

 tain pine Pinus monticola which is nearly 6 feet in 

 diameter at the base. It was photographed by Mrs. 

 Gilbert on the south slope of Mount Hoffman, in the 

 Yosemite National Park. 



ANOTHER OF CALIFORNIA'S SURPRISES 



A giant pine, growing 10,000 feet above the sea. The gentleman stand- 

 ing beside the tree is 6 feet 2 inches tall. 



