THE FOREST SERVICE EXHIBIT 



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MODEL OF WASTE IX A SAWMILL OPERATION 



This is the third of the series of five Forest Service models showing "Loss of Wood from the Forest to the Consumer" and illustrates a "Sawmill 

 Operation." The piles of rough lumber shown to the right of the sawmill represent 44.30 per cent, or 20,289 feet of the original trees. Just 

 back of the lumber piles can be seen the trimmings and edgings which comprise 7.56 per cent, or 3,462.48 board feet of the original trees. 

 To the left of the picture are shown a pile of slabs and one of sawdust. The former represents 18.88 per cent, or 8,647.04 board feet and 

 the latter 11.47 per cent or 5,253.26 board feet of the original trees. In this operation there is lost in handling and standardizing 4.79 per 

 cent, or 2,193.82 board feet of the original trees. The total waste in the sawmill therefore amounts to 42.97 per cent or 19,556.60 board feet 

 of the original 45,000 in the standing trees. Two other models complete the set, one representing the planing mill operation and the other 

 the building operation, each with its respective actual raw material consumption and resultant waste accumulation expressed fn per cents and 

 board foot quantities in reference to such contents of the original trees. The object lesson presented by the full set of models is intendeil, 

 as mentioned above, to show the total loss of wood from all causes from the forest to the consumer. In building the average eight-room frame 

 house it has been ascertained that approximately 35 per cent of the raw material is utilized and 65 per cent wasted, such waste for the most 

 part being necessary. 



The results of investigations which the Service has 

 conducted in the preservative treatment of timbers were 

 shown by photographs and charts. A supplement to this 

 display had been placed in the exhibit of the Bureau 

 of Mines in the Palace of Mines. It consisted of eight 

 mine timbers which have had service in a Pennsylvania 

 coal mine. 



The great central model of an idealized Ranger 

 District on a National Forest showed also reforestation 

 work, permanent improvement work not directly related 

 to fire protection, such as a Ranger Station and a drift 

 fence, and the important public uses of the forests. 

 These uses were shown by a forest homestead, a timber 

 sale, a patented mining claim in operation, a water-power 

 development, a free-use summer camp and a hotel oper- 

 ating under a special-use lease. Two mountain streams 

 had their rise in the upper reaches of the model's 

 landscape and formed a junction before they disappeared 

 down the valley. Actual water was used in these streams 

 and lent much to the realism of the exhibit. 



The various features of the work of the Forest Serv- 

 ice and the various uses to which the forests are put, 

 which were exemplified in the large model, were amplified 

 by other exhibits surrounding it. 



On one side of the central model three models, 4 feet 

 square, of an acre of western yellow pine were shown on 

 a scale of about 1 inch to 10 feet; so that trees 180 feet 

 high in the forest were 18 inches high on the model. The 

 model in the center showed the acre in its virgin condition 

 ready for logging. On one side was shown the acre after 

 it has been logged under Government regulation on a 

 National Forest, with stumps cut low, logs cut from high 

 into the tree tops, young growth protected, brush piled 



for burning, and a future forest insured. To the other 

 side the same acre was shown as it would appear under 

 the wrong kind of logging. Stumps were high, large 

 tops were left unused, many logs were shattered by care- 

 less felling, young trees were broken by old ones falling 

 upon them, young trees were felled, dead trees left stand- 

 ing, and the brush lay where it falls, constituting a seri- 

 ous fire menace. In the pedestals under these models 

 were panels of all the important species of wood sold on 

 National Forests. On the wall behind was a chart show- 

 ing that timber sales on the National Forests have grown 

 from 68,475,000 board feet in 1905 to 620,306,000 feet 

 in 1914. 



COYOTE KILLING A LAMB 



The Forest Service rangers conduct a vigorous warfare on the National 

 Forests against predatory animals and kill thousands of them each 

 year. This was one of the models at the Exposition. 



