624 READINGS IN RURAL ECONOMICS 



furnished work for 3.2 men, including the operator. Their average 

 capital was 1^19,728. 



They derived one third of their income from the sale of cash 

 crops. None of them was an exclusively dairy farm. Only one 

 derived less than one sixth of the income from cash crops. This 

 one raised all the feed used, and sold $275 worth of crops. 



The crop yields averaged nearly one fifth better than the neigh- 

 bors' crops. Only 6 of the 23 farms had crops poorer than the 

 average. 



The receipts per cow from the sale of milk averaged $98. 

 Only one farm had cows as poor as the average. 



The majority raised their own cows, but 1 1 of the 23 bought 

 some cows. Four depended entirely on purchased cow^s, and four 

 others purchased more cows than they raised. 



Six bought no feed of any kind. Nine bought less than ^10 

 worth per animal unit kept. Seven bought $10 to $20 worth 

 and one bought over ;^20 worth per animal unit. The amount 

 spent for feed averaged $7 per animal unit. All these farms are 

 in regions well adapted to crop-raising. Dairymen nearer New 

 York City buy more feed because the amount of land that is well 

 adapted to raising feed is very limited. 



Eighteen of the 23 farms raised silage, 15 raised com for 

 grain, all raised hay, 21 raised oats, 13 raised wheat, 2 raised 

 buckwheat, 5 raised cabbages, 10 raised beans, 11 raised four or 

 more acres of potatoes. The average yields for the farms growing 

 each of these crops are given in Table 28. Apples and some 

 other crops were raised by a few of the 23 farmers. 



The amount of work accomplished per man and per horse was 

 much above the average. The cost of machinery per acre of 

 crops was lower than the average. The proportion of capital 

 invested in houses and bams was lower than the average, as was 

 the value of barns per animal unit. By comparing with Tables 8, 

 9, II, and 12, it will be seen that in each case these differences 

 are due to the size of farm, as these farms correspond very closely 

 with the average for the large farms. 



The primary difference between these successful farms and 

 the average large farm is in the receipts per cow and the crop 



