890 



READINGS IN RURAL ECONOMICS 



The brokers charge a commission of 2 per cent to 5 per cent 

 according to contract. The freight which is charged the shipper 

 is yd. to 9d., and 6i-d. to yd. is charged to cover the handhng 

 and canal tolls. From Manchester it was impossible to trace 

 onions farther back than the Spanish shipper. 



POTATOES IN MANCHESTER, ENGLAND 

 By Grafton L. Wilson 



Place of production . 

 Place of consumption 

 Price received by producer . 

 Price paid by consumer . 

 Difference (average) . . 

 Number of steps between the pro- 

 ducer and consumer . . . . 



Price received by shipper (if any) 



Shipper's margin 



Price received by wholesaler . 

 Wholesaler's margins . . . 

 Price received by jobber (if any) 



Jobber's margin 



Grocer's margin (average) . . 



Near Manchester 



Manchester 



2s. 6d. to 3s. 3d. per cwt. 



2d. to 5d. per 5 pounds. 



2s. 6d. per cwt. 



Necessary, 2 

 Usual, 2 or 3 

 Possible, 5 

 60s. to 65s. per ton 

 2s. 6d. to 3 s. per ton 



2 s. 9 d. to 5 s. per cwt. 

 3d. to 6d. per cwt. 



3 s. to 5 s. 3 d. per cwt. 

 3 d. per cwt. 



23. lod. per cwt. 



The retail prices for potatoes at Manchester ranged from 5 

 pounds for 2d. to i d. per pound, being usually 5 pounds for 

 either 3d. or 3J-d. The lower prices were in poorer sections 

 only and were for an inferior grade of potatoes. Those at 5 

 pounds for 4d., 4| d,, or 5 d. were of high quality and were 

 found only in stores catering to the middle or higher classes. 

 The cooperative stores of the Manchester Society were selling 

 at one shilling the score, which is at the rate of 5 pounds for 

 3d., and the Pendleton Society sold at is. 2d. the score or at 

 the rate of 5 pounds for ^^d. 



Rents for retail stores range from 6 s. a week (;i5 12 s. a 

 year) in the poor sections to ;^i a day for the larger establish- 

 ments. The average, which would represent the bulk of the trade, 

 pay ;2S to ^40 per year. A man paying ;^2 5 would pay in 



