CONTENTS IX 



Kose) Protection by Leaf -stalk : Elder Protection by Stip- 

 ules : Leea, Pea, Hop, Virginian Creeper, Vine, Bucklandia, 

 Passion Flower, Poplar, Lime, Birch, Beech, Hornbeam, 

 Hazel Nut, Oak, Whitebeam Protection by Connate Stip- 

 ules: Elm, Wych Elm, Plane, Spanish Chestnut, Hop- 

 Bud of Conifers Scotch Fir Picea Cycas Zamia . . 97 



CHAPTER VI 



ON THE FORMS OF STIPULES 



Great Variety of Forms Difference of Texture Species with 

 different Forms of Stipules : Hawthorn, Kibes, Quince, Poten- 

 tilla, Nuttallia, Geum, Exochorda, Azara, Abutilon, Diplo- 

 phractum, Catha, Ervum, Clover Red Clover and White 

 Clover : Reason for Difference Pea Lathyrus . . . 160 



CHAPTER VII 



ON THE SUBSIDIARY USES OF STIPULES 



Stipules Performing Leaf Functions : Pansy, Galium, Acacia, 

 Lathyrus Aphaca, Adesmia Spinous Stipules : Robinia, Cap 

 paris, Ribes oxyacanthoides, Bauhinia, Porlieria, Paliurus 

 Glandular Stipules: Viburnum, Psidium, Tropoeolum cilia- 

 turn As an Assistance in Climbing : Smilax, Paliurus 

 australis As Reserves of Nourishment : Gunnera As 

 Holders of Rain : Thalictrum, Viola, Polygonum As a Sup- 

 port: Polygonum 184 



CHAPTER VIII 



ON THE NATURE OF STIPULES 



Composition of Leaf : Leaf-base with Stipules; Leaf-stalk with 

 Leaf-blade or Leaflets Complete and Incomplete Leaves 

 Gradations in Development of Stipules : Parsley, Ostru- 

 thium, iEthusa Difficult Cases : Hypericum, Lotus, 

 Cucumber, Helianthemum guttatum, Elder, Bryony 

 Views as to the nature of Stipules : (1) That they are 



