42 BUDS AND STIPULES 



approach being in the allied genus Sambucus. The 

 presence of stipules in Viburnum would be the more 

 remarkable, as in the family Caprifoliacea}, to which 

 the Viburnums belong, stipules (if they be stipules) are 

 confined to this genus, to Pentajyyxis, and to Sambucus. 



According to De Candolle's ' Prodromus,' there are 

 forty-one species of Viburnum ; and though some more 

 must now be added, this would not materially affect the 

 question. Of these forty- one, thirty-five have the leaves 

 entire, and more or less resembling those of V. Lantana. 

 None of these possess stipules. The other six have 

 lobed leaves, more or less like those of V. Opulus, and 

 these all have stipuliform appendages, the existence of 

 which would seem, therefore, to be connected with the 

 presence of the lobes. 



The existence of honey-glands at the base of the 

 leaf is also, perhaps, connected with the texture of the 

 leaf. 



In V. Lantana the covering of felted hairs affords a 

 sufficient protection ; but the tender young leaves of 

 V. Opulus would afford a tempting food to many cater- 

 pillars and other insects. The ants and wasps which 

 are attracted by the honey would tend to keep them 

 down, and thus to serve as a bodyguard. Indeed, it 

 has appeared to me that on specimens of V. Ojiulus, 

 which are much frequented by wasps and ants, the 

 leaves are less eaten than in other cases where they are 

 not so protected. 



