DEVELOPMENT OF LEAVES AND STIPULES 63 



instance, the Mistletoe and Mesemhryanthemum. This 

 is usually the case with fleshy leaves. Among the most 

 common modes of folding are the following, which are 

 illustrated by the diagrams in fig. 104. 



1 . Conduplicate : when folded lengthways, doubled 

 up on the midrib, as in the Rose, Bramble, Tulip Tree 

 (fig. 104, A). 



X 



B 



Fig. 104. Diagrams illustrating Vernation. 



2. Plicate, or plaited : when folded like a fan on 

 the ribs, as in the Maples, Currant, and most palmate 

 leaves (fig. B). 



3. Circinate : when coiled like a crozier, as in the 

 Ferns, Drosera, &c. (fig. C). 



4. Revolute : when rolled backwards from the mar- 

 gins, as in Azalea, Rosemary, and many plants of hot, 

 dry places (fig. D). 



5. Involute: when rolled inwards from the margins, 

 as in Violets, Water Lilies, &c. (fig. E). 



