ON THE STRUCTURE OF BUDS 



99 



gating pedestals. If there are three scales, these are 

 stipules. When four are present, one will be found to 

 have at the end a few finger-like processes (fig. 142, L), 

 the rudiment of a leaf-blade. At the base will be found 

 the more or less evident scars left by the two stipules. 



as. I. 



I s 



o.sb 



o St. I 



148 



ISt. 



147 



Alnus glutinosa, x 3. 

 Fig. 144. Portion of shoot bearing a lateral bud ; o.s., outer scale ; s.s., second scale 



that is, the outer one of a pair of stipules. 

 Fin. 145. Outer scale of winter-bud. 

 Fkj. 1 10. o.s., outer, and i.s., inner stipule of the first distinct pair ; I, their leaf, 



flattened out like the stipules. 

 I'ic. 147. o.st., outer, and Lst., inner stipule of the second distinct pair ; /, their leaf. 

 Fie. L48.-o.Jt, outer, and i.xt., inner stipule of the third distinct pair ; I, their leaf. 



In this case, therefore, the last leaf of autumn is small, 

 and sooner or later falls off; but, in connection with the 

 stipules of the next leaf, it often assists in protecting 

 the bud through the winter. It often, however, be- 

 comes detached, and in such buds as shown in the trans- 

 it 



